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四級(jí)考試段落翻譯篇一

中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)慶膳食是節(jié)日必不可少的伴侶。例如，我國(guó)的端午節(jié)(the dragon boat festival)是紀(jì)念古代詩(shī)人屈原的日子。那一天，人們通常要賽龍舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋節(jié)是觀賞滿(mǎn)月的日子。圓圓的月亮象征著圓滿(mǎn)，象征著家庭團(tuán)聚。因此，中秋節(jié)的特制食品是一種圓形的月餅。春節(jié)是中國(guó)的農(nóng)歷新年(the chinese lunar new year)，除了常見(jiàn)的肉類(lèi)、海鮮之外，人們還要按各自的地方習(xí)俗烹制傳統(tǒng)食物，如餃子。

passage 4

端午節(jié)，又叫龍舟節(jié)，是為了紀(jì)念?lèi)?ài)國(guó)詩(shī)人屈原。屈原是一位忠誠(chéng)和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他給國(guó)家?guī)?lái)了和平和繁榮。但最后因?yàn)槭艿秸u謗（vilify）而最終投河自盡。人們撐船到他自盡的地方，拋下粽子，希望魚(yú)兒吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身軀。幾千年來(lái)，端午節(jié)的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和賽龍舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。

passage 5

徐霞客是我國(guó)古代的地理學(xué)家、旅行家和文學(xué)家。他寫(xiě)了著名的《徐霞客游記》,一生周游考察了十六個(gè)省，足跡幾乎遍及全國(guó)。他在考察的過(guò)程中，從來(lái)不盲目迷信書(shū)本上的結(jié)論。他發(fā)現(xiàn)前人研究地理的記載有許多很不可靠的地方。為了進(jìn)行真實(shí)細(xì)致的考察，他很少乘車(chē)坐船，幾乎全靠雙腳翻山越嶺，長(zhǎng)途跋涉；為了弄清大自然的真相，他總是挑選道路艱險(xiǎn)的山區(qū)，人跡稀少的森林進(jìn)行考察，發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多奇山秀景。

passage 6

經(jīng)過(guò)半個(gè)多世紀(jì)的艱苦努力，特別是二十多年的改革開(kāi)放，中國(guó)已邁入全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的發(fā)展新階段。但中國(guó)仍然是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家，人口多、底子薄是中國(guó)的基本國(guó)情。中國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)自身發(fā)展的道路依然艱苦而漫長(zhǎng)。中華人民共和國(guó)是全國(guó)人民共同締造的統(tǒng)一的多民族國(guó)家。迄今為止，中國(guó)有56個(gè)民族。與漢族相比，其他55個(gè)民族人口相對(duì)較少，因此他們?cè)诹?xí)慣上被稱(chēng)為“少數(shù)民族”。1990年中國(guó)進(jìn)行了第四次人口普查，據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，在全國(guó)總?cè)丝谥?，漢族人口約占92%，少數(shù)民族人口占8%。在長(zhǎng)期的歷史發(fā)展過(guò)程中，中華民族這個(gè)大家庭中的各族人民經(jīng)過(guò)融合和遷移，形成了今天的分布格局。

四級(jí)考試段落翻譯篇二

1．2500年來(lái)，儒家思想（confucianism）對(duì)中國(guó)的發(fā)展起著很大的作用?？鬃樱╟onfucius）是一位哲學(xué)家、政治家和教育家，他非常重視家庭、教育與社會(huì)和諧?？鬃拥牡茏觽儯╠isciples）繼承了他的思想并使之代代流傳。孔子是儒學(xué)的創(chuàng)始人。儒家思想所倡導(dǎo)的治國(guó)方案、道德理想和文化觀至今深深影響著中華民族。(128 words)for over 2500 years, confucianism has a significant impact on the development of a philosopher, statesman and educator，confucius attached great importance to family, education and harmony of ius’s disciples inherited his thinking and passed it on by was the founder of basic code of confucian ethics has served as the ruling policy, the moral ideal, and the cultural guideline，which has greatly influenced china in a variety of ways.2．中國(guó)書(shū)法所使用的筆、墨、紙、硯通常被稱(chēng)為“文房四寶”，是文人書(shū)房中必備的四件寶貝。中國(guó)古代文人基本上都能書(shū)、會(huì)畫(huà)，因此他們離不開(kāi)筆、墨、紙、硯這四寶。隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，文人們現(xiàn)在很少使用墨水和硯臺(tái)了。但是筆、墨、紙、硯的變遷可以被看作是中國(guó)文化發(fā)展的一個(gè)縮影（epitome），其中蘊(yùn)含著獨(dú)特的民族性格和審美價(jià)值。（150 words）the stationery of chinese calligraphy basically consists of the writing brush, the ink stick, the paper and the ink slab, which are usually called “the four treasures in the study”.these four items are the essential instruments in the study of a typical chinese scholar in ancient times, who is supposed to be adept at both calligraphy and the social development, ink stick and ink slab are seldom in r, the four treasures can be regarded as an epitome of the progress of the chinese culture which embodies the chinese aesthetics and unique national characters.3．新修訂的老年人權(quán)益保障法強(qiáng)制要求子女經(jīng)?？赐先?，子女不僅要贍養(yǎng)老人，還要關(guān)心他們的精神需求。這對(duì)中國(guó)的一批創(chuàng)業(yè)者來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)好消息，他們可以專(zhuān)門(mén)提供代看望老人的服務(wù)。淘寶網(wǎng)上至少有17個(gè)賣(mài)家在北京、上海、湖南和浙江推出代老人跑腿和排隊(duì)的服務(wù)。他們的店鋪提供聊天、慶祝生日、甚至表演等服務(wù)。（142 words）china's newly revised elder-care law regulates children’s frequent visit to their new law requires adults to offer their parents mental and financial comes as good news for a handful of entrepreneurs who specialize in outsourcing visits to the it has spurred at least 17 online vendors on t-mall to offer services such as running errands and standing in line for the senior in beijing, shanghai, hunan, and offer such services as chatting, celebrating birthdays and even performances.4．推動(dòng)中國(guó)在10多年前成為“世界工廠”的是農(nóng)民工。他們?yōu)槭澜绺鞯厣a(chǎn)消費(fèi)品，而他們的工資比18世紀(jì)英國(guó)工業(yè)革命開(kāi)始時(shí)英國(guó)工人的工資還要低。如今，人數(shù)約達(dá)2.2億的農(nóng)民工正在成為一個(gè)有實(shí)力的消費(fèi)者群體。這一根本轉(zhuǎn)變勢(shì)必推動(dòng)中國(guó)的下一場(chǎng)重大經(jīng)濟(jì)演變。(118 words)

china’s transformation into the “workshop of the world” just over a decade ago was powered by rural migrant manufactured products for shopping malls worldwide but earned less than their counterparts at the start of the uk’s industrial revolution in the 18th ys, an estimated 220 million of migrant workers are becoming potent reversal set is to drive the next significant economic evolution in china.5．英語(yǔ)被認(rèn)為是國(guó)際通用語(yǔ)言，在生活和工作中扮演著重要角色。中國(guó)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的意愿一直很強(qiáng)。然而，如何學(xué)好英語(yǔ)一直以來(lái)都是中國(guó)學(xué)生的困擾。大部分學(xué)生都認(rèn)為為了應(yīng)試而學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的過(guò)程非常痛苦。很多學(xué)生考試能力強(qiáng)，卻無(wú)法和外國(guó)人用英文交流。所以，尋找一個(gè)有效的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法就變成了十分必要又迫在眉睫的事情了。（149 words）english is considered as an international language and plays an important role in our work and chinese students have strong motivation to learn r, how to master english remains a puzzling problem for chinese majority of learners regard studying english for examinations very a few students perform well in exams, but can’t communicate with foreigners , seeking the effective ways of learning english is extremely urgent and necessary.6．一直以來(lái)，通識(shí)教育成為國(guó)際高等教育關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在這一領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)積累了很多經(jīng)驗(yàn)，近幾年來(lái)，一些中國(guó)大學(xué)積極進(jìn)行通識(shí)教育的實(shí)踐。盡管人們普遍認(rèn)同大學(xué)本科需要實(shí)施通識(shí)教育，但人們對(duì)通識(shí)教育及相關(guān)知識(shí)的理解不盡相同，且不十分清晰。通識(shí)教育的基本功能是幫助學(xué)生獲得為人處事的正確態(tài)度與能力。（143 words）

general education has been the focus of attention in the international higher education for a long ed countries have accumulated a lot of experiences in this field, and some universities in china have actively undertaken experiments in recent gh it is commonly agreed that universities need to implement general education in the undergraduate study, people’s understanding of general education and related concepts are not only different but also essential function of general education is to help students to cultivate the right attitude and ability to be a person and to do things.7．房屋裝飾是春節(jié)慶?；顒?dòng)中最重要的習(xí)俗之一。人們?cè)陂T(mén)上貼春聯(lián)(couplets)，抒發(fā)良好的祝愿。春聯(lián)通常是成對(duì)張貼，因?yàn)殡p數(shù)在中國(guó)文化中是好運(yùn)氣和吉祥(auspiciousness)的象征。在中國(guó)北方，人們習(xí)慣于在窗戶(hù)上貼剪紙。并在大門(mén)上貼上大大的紅色漢字“福”字，一個(gè)紅色“福”字意味著好運(yùn)和財(cái)富。（124 words）

house decoration is one of the most important customs in the spring festival post couplets on doors to express good year couplets are usually posted in pairs as even numbers are associated with good luck and auspiciousness in chinese in north china are used to posting paper-cut on their paste on the door large red chinese character “fu”, which means good luck and fortune.8．春節(jié)慶?；顒?dòng)（chinese new year celebration）是一年中最重要的慶?；顒?dòng)。中國(guó)人慶祝春節(jié)的方式可能略微不同但其愿望幾乎是相同的：他們希望其家人和朋友來(lái)年健康和幸運(yùn)。春節(jié)慶?；顒?dòng)包括吃年夜飯、放鞭炮、給孩子壓歲錢(qián)、聽(tīng)春節(jié)鐘聲和致春節(jié)問(wèn)候，通常持續(xù)到正月十五元宵節(jié)。（119 words）

chinese new year celebration is the most important celebration of the e people may celebrate the chinese new year in slightly different ways but their wishes are almost the same：they wish their family members and friends to be healthy and lucky during next atory activities include chinese new feast, firecrackers, giving lucky money to children, the new year bell ringing and chinese new year celebration usually lasts for 15 days until the lantern festival.9．幾世紀(jì)以來(lái)，到過(guò)中國(guó)的游客一直描述著中國(guó)迷人的山水風(fēng)景及令人驚嘆的珍禽異獸。中國(guó)文明是世界上最古老的文明之一。中國(guó)是50多個(gè)民族生活的家園，其人口龐大，總數(shù)超過(guò)十億。各具特色的傳統(tǒng)生活方式與周?chē)淖匀簧鷳B(tài)息息相關(guān)。因此，我們要愛(ài)護(hù)自然，與環(huán)境和諧共處，實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。(132 words)

for centuries, travelers to china have told tales of magical landscapes and stunning e civilization is one of the world’s is home for more than 50 distinct ethnic groups, with the largest population, over a billion.a wide range of traditional lifestyles are often in close partnership with uently, we have to protect nature, living in harmony with it and achieving the sustainable development.10．中國(guó)常常被稱(chēng)為世界工廠。在經(jīng)歷了一系列寵物食品、速凍水餃以及兒童玩具安全事故后，中國(guó)正在努力說(shuō)服全球?qū)ζ洚a(chǎn)品持懷疑態(tài)度的人們，并向他們展示中國(guó)已成功提高其產(chǎn)品的安全水平。美國(guó)及歐盟是中國(guó)最大的貿(mào)易伙伴，對(duì)于中國(guó)商品的這一擔(dān)憂(yōu)已對(duì)中美以及中歐貿(mào)易關(guān)系造成巨大影響。中國(guó)政府一再表示經(jīng)過(guò)不懈地打擊整治，產(chǎn)品的檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已經(jīng)越來(lái)越嚴(yán)格了。中國(guó)公司渴望加強(qiáng)國(guó)際協(xié)作，立志為國(guó)外消費(fèi)者提供優(yōu)質(zhì)商品。（193 words-cet 6）

china, often called the world’s factory, is struggling to convince a skeptical global audience that it has won a battle to improve safety standards after recent scandals involving everything from pet food and dumplings to children’s issue has proven a huge irritant in ties between china and the united states and european union, the country’s largest trade chinese government insists it is getting tough after endless promises to crack e companies aspire to strengthen cooperation with other countries to provide quality goods for foreign consumers.11．中秋節(jié)是中國(guó)人的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日之一，每年農(nóng)歷8月15日慶祝。傳說(shuō)月亮在這一天最大最圓。每到這一天，親人們都會(huì)歡聚一堂吃月餅并慶祝豐收。圓圓的月餅中通常包有香甜的餡，餡的中央還會(huì)加上一個(gè)咸鴨蛋黃來(lái)代表月亮。而月亮正是中秋節(jié)慶祝的主題。中秋夜也是浪漫約會(huì)的好時(shí)刻，新朋舊友也借此歡聚一堂。中秋節(jié)對(duì)于中華民族有著特殊意義。（152 words）

the moon festival or mid-autumn festival is one of the traditional chinese holidays, celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th lunar e legends say that the moon is at its brightest and roundest on this es get together to eat moon cakes and celebrate the good harvest on this round cakes traditionally have a sweet filling, with salted duck yolk sometimes found in the center to represent the the moon is what this celebration is all night is also made for romantic s, old or new, enjoy a happy moon festival has a special meaning for our chinese people.12．端午節(jié)與春節(jié)和中秋節(jié)并列為中國(guó)三大節(jié)日。這三個(gè)節(jié)日中，它可能是最古老的一個(gè)，可以追溯到公元前227年的戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)代（warring states period）。這個(gè)節(jié)日是為了紀(jì)念楚國(guó)的大夫屈原，他因?yàn)閷?duì)朝廷的貪污腐敗感到絕望而投河自盡。鎮(zhèn)上的人紛紛沖上船去救他，卻沒(méi)有成功。后來(lái)大家把米撒到水里，希望把饑餓的魚(yú)群從他的軀體邊引開(kāi)。（139 words）the dragon boat festival is one of three major chinese holidays, along with the spring and moon the three, it is possibly the oldest, dating back to the warring states period in 227 festival commemorates qu yuan, a minister in the service of the chu despair about corruption at court, qu threw himself into a people jumped into their boats and tried in vain to save , hoping to distract hungry fish from his body, people scattered rice on the water.

四級(jí)考試段落翻譯篇三

英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)：段落翻譯

1、獅舞（lion dance）是中國(guó)最廣為流傳的民間舞蹈之一。獅為百獸之首，在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)中，獅子被視為是能帶來(lái)好運(yùn)的吉祥物（mascot）。古人將獅子視作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驅(qū)趕邪惡、保護(hù)人類(lèi)。據(jù)記載，獅舞已擁有了2,000多年的歷史。在唐代（the tang dynasty），獅舞就已經(jīng)被引入了皇室。因此，舞獅成為元宵節(jié)（the lantern festival）和其他節(jié)日的習(xí)俗，人們以此來(lái)祈禱好運(yùn)、平安和幸福。

2、中國(guó)將進(jìn)一步發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放，這對(duì)海外企業(yè)（enterprises）意味著更多的商機(jī)。改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，中國(guó)企業(yè)與海外企業(yè)一直積極開(kāi)展經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企業(yè)不僅幫助了中國(guó)企業(yè)的成長(zhǎng)，而且也在合作中獲得了收益。中國(guó)政府將繼續(xù)提供有利的政策和條件，推動(dòng)中國(guó)企業(yè)與國(guó)外企業(yè)進(jìn)一步開(kāi)展合作。

3、假日經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)象表明：中國(guó)消費(fèi)者的消費(fèi)觀正在發(fā)生巨大變化。根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，中國(guó)消費(fèi)者的消費(fèi)需求正在從基本生活必需品轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)π蓍e、舒適和個(gè)人發(fā)展的需求。同時(shí)，中國(guó)人的消費(fèi)觀在蓬勃發(fā)展的假日經(jīng)濟(jì)中正變得成熟。因此產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)做相應(yīng)調(diào)整，來(lái)適應(yīng)社會(huì)的發(fā)展。另一方面，服務(wù)質(zhì)量要改善，以滿(mǎn)足人們提高生活質(zhì)量的要求。

4、端午節(jié)，又叫龍舟節(jié)，是為了紀(jì)念?lèi)?ài)國(guó)詩(shī)人屈原。屈原是一位忠誠(chéng)和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他給國(guó)家?guī)?lái)了和平和繁榮。但最后因?yàn)槭艿秸u謗（vilify）而最終投河自盡。人們撐船到他自盡的地方，拋下粽子，希望魚(yú)兒吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身軀。幾千年來(lái)，端午節(jié)的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和賽龍舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。5、2013年6月20日在中國(guó)各地，劇估計(jì)60萬(wàn)兒童和他們的老師觀看了有宇航員（astronaut）王亞平在距離地球300公里的上空所講授的科學(xué)課。王亞平與兩個(gè)同事乘坐天宮一號(hào)實(shí)驗(yàn)艙(theophany-1 laboratory module)執(zhí)行為期兩周的任務(wù)。她在課上進(jìn)行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中還對(duì)比了在地球上重力（one-gravity）環(huán)境下同樣的實(shí)驗(yàn)。這堂物理課不僅讓孩子們享受了一堂知識(shí)與樂(lè)趣兼具的物理課，也顯示了我國(guó)通信科技的前進(jìn)。

6、朝氣蓬勃，充滿(mǎn)活力，豐富多彩的上海是現(xiàn)代中國(guó)的縮影。雖然上海的文化遺跡不能與北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市風(fēng)貌，風(fēng)格各異的萬(wàn)國(guó)建筑為這座城市注入了無(wú)限的魅力。今日之上海，已經(jīng)成為享譽(yù)中外的國(guó)際大都市。漫步在這座日新月異的現(xiàn)代大都市里，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)許多精彩的歷史亮點(diǎn)，隱現(xiàn)在眾多摩天大樓背后的是上海發(fā)展變化的軌跡。它們記述了上海自十九世紀(jì)末開(kāi)埠以來(lái)，尤其是新中國(guó)成立以后，是如何迅猛發(fā)展的。

7、近代以來(lái)，亞洲經(jīng)歷了曲折和艱難的發(fā)展歷程。亞洲人們?yōu)楦淖冏约旱拿\(yùn)，始終以不屈的意志和艱辛的奮斗開(kāi)辟前進(jìn)道路。今天，人們所看到的亞洲發(fā)展成就，是勤勞智慧的亞洲人民不屈不撓、鍥而不舍奮斗的結(jié)果。亞洲人民深知，世界上沒(méi)有放之四海而皆準(zhǔn)的發(fā)展模式，也沒(méi)有一成不變的發(fā)展道路，亞洲人民勇于變革創(chuàng)新，不斷開(kāi)拓進(jìn)取，探索和開(kāi)辟適應(yīng)時(shí)代潮流，符合自身實(shí)際的發(fā)展道路，為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展打開(kāi)了廣闊前景。

8、吸煙之危害，可謂大矣，其嚴(yán)重性是不能低估的。吸煙污染空氣，損害健康，使肺癌發(fā)病率大大增加。為了使各國(guó)人民關(guān)注煙草的盛行及預(yù)防吸煙導(dǎo)致的疾病和死亡，世界衛(wèi)生組織已將每年的5月31日定為“世界無(wú)煙日”。癮君子們說(shuō)，一天飯不吃可以，一個(gè)時(shí)辰不抽煙就難捱了，不能戒。只要真正意識(shí)到吸煙有百害而無(wú)一利，于人于己都是一種禍害，就有可能下決心擺脫煙草的誘惑。戒煙貴在堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)持下去就是收獲。

9、越來(lái)越多受英文教育的海外華人父母，已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同時(shí)，也通曉中文的重要性。中國(guó)的崛起，讓他們充分認(rèn)識(shí)到孩子掌握雙語(yǔ)的好處——既能增加他們的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，也能讓他們接觸和熟悉東西方兩種不同的文化。這些人對(duì)中文的態(tài)度幾乎沒(méi)有完全改變。曾幾何時(shí)，他們還非常驕傲地宣稱(chēng)自己只懂英文。現(xiàn)在，他們已開(kāi)始積極支持孩子學(xué)習(xí)中文和中國(guó)文化，而且還不時(shí)走訪中國(guó)，欣賞壯觀的自然風(fēng)光，認(rèn)識(shí)豐富的文化遺產(chǎn)。

10、我贊同許多東亞學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)，東方文明可以醫(yī)治盛行于西方世界的一些頑疾。西方世界個(gè)人自由主義泛濫導(dǎo)致了極端個(gè)人主義、性關(guān)系混亂以及過(guò)度暴力行為，對(duì)此我們不能視而不見(jiàn)。// 相反，東方社會(huì)的自我約束力，集體責(zé)任感以及溫厚儒雅的傳統(tǒng)倒可以消除西方社會(huì)的許多惡疾。// 在這個(gè)信息時(shí)代，世界已縮小成一個(gè)地球村。這個(gè)地球村里，不再有什么涇渭分明的東方世界和西方世界，我們是生活在同一個(gè)社區(qū)里的鄰里。// 因此，我們彼此之間無(wú)須沖突。我們之間的關(guān)系應(yīng)該是一種友好合作，平等互補(bǔ)的關(guān)系。我們應(yīng)該相互理解，相互學(xué)習(xí)，和睦共處。

11、國(guó)際貿(mào)易的基本原則是平等互利，各國(guó)追求各自的利益是正常的，出現(xiàn)一些摩擦和糾紛也是不可避免的。關(guān)鍵要以冷靜而明智的態(tài)度正確對(duì)待和處理摩擦和糾紛。// 就中美貿(mào)易而言，互利共贏的經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系給兩國(guó)人民帶來(lái)了實(shí)實(shí)在在的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。今天，美國(guó)在華投資設(shè)立的企業(yè)已超過(guò)4 萬(wàn)家，投資額達(dá)450 億美元。// 美國(guó)500 強(qiáng)企業(yè)有400 多家進(jìn)入中國(guó)，大多數(shù)企業(yè)獲利豐厚。與此同時(shí)，在美國(guó)市場(chǎng)上，許多中國(guó)商品受到美國(guó)消費(fèi)者的青睞。中國(guó)在美國(guó)投資設(shè)立的企業(yè)已超過(guò)1000 家。// 我們可以預(yù)見(jiàn)，中美貿(mào)易摩擦將隨著經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的深化而凸顯，但是中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的總體發(fā)展是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的。主要有兩個(gè)原因，其一：中美貿(mào)易具有很大互補(bǔ)性。其二：中國(guó)產(chǎn)品具有明顯的勞動(dòng)力成本優(yōu)勢(shì)。//

12、中國(guó)國(guó)際出版集團(tuán)是中國(guó)最大的、最權(quán)威的外語(yǔ)出版發(fā)行單位，其前身是中央人民政府新聞出版署國(guó)際新聞局。// 我集團(tuán)堅(jiān)持“讓中國(guó)走向世界，讓世界了解中國(guó)”的出版原則，全心致力于中國(guó)外語(yǔ)教育與研究事業(yè)的發(fā)展，全心致力于中外文化交流事業(yè)的拓展。// 為了加強(qiáng)對(duì)出版人才隊(duì)伍的建設(shè)，為了滿(mǎn)足日益增長(zhǎng)的特殊出版業(yè)務(wù)的需要，我集團(tuán)每年都要選派一些青年員工到國(guó)內(nèi)外知名高等學(xué)府和研究機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)修，// 根據(jù)我們的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，我們會(huì)將前進(jìn)的步伐邁出國(guó)界走向世界，瞄準(zhǔn)海外讀者群，這一戰(zhàn)略已取得了良好的開(kāi)局。//

13、改革開(kāi)放30 年來(lái)，隨著中國(guó)逐漸崛起成為政治經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國(guó)，海外人士學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)象與日俱增，海外孔子學(xué)院也成了人們學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)語(yǔ)言和中國(guó)文化的首選之地。// 通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)，他們對(duì)這個(gè)和自己文化大相徑庭的古老文明產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣，而且有機(jī)會(huì)了解中國(guó)的哲學(xué)、藝術(shù)、醫(yī)學(xué)、飲食文化，親身體驗(yàn)這個(gè)文明古國(guó)的風(fēng)采。// 作為第二文化，中國(guó)文化也豐富了他們的生活和世界觀?？梢哉f(shuō)，這個(gè)潮流方興未艾。越來(lái)越多的學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)的美國(guó)人除了對(duì)中國(guó)菜肴贊不絕口之外，也在嘗試針灸，草藥和武術(shù)。//他們也看功夫電影，學(xué)習(xí)東方時(shí)裝潮流和手工藝，不知不覺(jué)的在日常生活中談及中國(guó)的點(diǎn)心，人參、銀杏，烏龍茶等。目前在美國(guó)最熱門(mén)的中國(guó)文化是道家學(xué)說(shuō)和有著神秘色彩的風(fēng)水學(xué)。

14、上海菜系是中國(guó)最年輕的地方菜系，通常被成為“本幫菜”，有著400多年的歷史。同中國(guó)其他菜系一樣，“本幫菜”具有“色，香，味”三大要素。//上海菜的特點(diǎn)是注重調(diào)料的使用，食物的質(zhì)地和菜的原汁原味。其中最著名的有特色點(diǎn)心“南翔小籠”和特色菜“松鼠鮭魚(yú)”。//“南翔小籠”是豬肉餡，個(gè)小味美，皮薄汁醇。“松鼠鮭魚(yú)”色澤黃亮，形如松鼠，外皮脆而內(nèi)肉嫩，湯汁酸甜適口。//在品嘗過(guò)“松鼠鮭魚(yú)”之后，我們常常驚訝于“松鼠”的形狀，覺(jué)得在三大評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上在添加“形”這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)才更合適。//

15、美國(guó)人強(qiáng)調(diào)效率、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和獨(dú)創(chuàng)性，而中國(guó)人則將嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)規(guī)劃放在首位，鼓勵(lì)團(tuán)隊(duì)成員之間的密切合作和無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)。//在美國(guó)學(xué)校，討論享有至高無(wú)上的地位，討論是課堂教學(xué)的主旋律；而中國(guó)教師喜歡講課，喜歡考試，編寫(xiě)千篇一律的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)教案，培養(yǎng)整齊劃一的高材生。//美國(guó)人的政治觀，經(jīng)濟(jì)觀以及社會(huì)觀的核心是個(gè)人道德自治觀。中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的思想體系是以儒家學(xué)說(shuō)為基礎(chǔ)的，這種思想強(qiáng)調(diào)整體和諧。//現(xiàn)在，中美聯(lián)系比以往更加緊密，中國(guó)人學(xué)英語(yǔ)，玩保齡球，吃肯德基，美國(guó)人學(xué)漢語(yǔ)，練功夫，吃北京烤鴨，《泰坦尼克》駛進(jìn)中國(guó)，《牡丹亭》也在百老匯上演。//

16、武術(shù)在我國(guó)源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)，是中華民族傳統(tǒng)文化的瑰寶。我們知道，一個(gè)民族的優(yōu)秀文化遺產(chǎn)，不僅僅屬于一個(gè)民族，它會(huì)逐漸傳播到世界而成為人類(lèi)的共同財(cái)富。// 為了更好的推廣武術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)，使其與奧運(yùn)項(xiàng)目接軌，中國(guó)武協(xié)和國(guó)際武聯(lián)做了大量的艱苦卓絕的工作?，F(xiàn)在武術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)已被列為一種具有與保齡球運(yùn)動(dòng)和國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)舞同等地位的奧運(yùn)表演項(xiàng)目。//武術(shù)的蓬勃發(fā)展，除得益于其項(xiàng)目本身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的一代武術(shù)大師功不可沒(méi)。//老一代武術(shù)家在海外播種下了武術(shù)的種子，使武術(shù)這門(mén)既可以自衛(wèi)又可以健身的運(yùn)動(dòng)很快就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武術(shù)大師已遍布世界各地，武術(shù)愛(ài)好者也與日俱增。//

17、香港中文大學(xué)，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“中大”，成立于1963年。中大是一所研究型綜合大學(xué)，以“結(jié)合傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代，融匯中國(guó)與西方”為創(chuàng)校使命。//40多年來(lái)，中大一直致力于弘揚(yáng)中華傳統(tǒng)文化，堅(jiān)持雙語(yǔ)教育，并推行獨(dú)特的書(shū)院制度，在香港教育界卓然而立。中大校園占地 134 公頃，是世界上最美麗的校園之一。//中大的師生來(lái)自世界各地。有教職員工 5200多人，近萬(wàn)名本科生、約2000多名研究生，其中約2500多人來(lái)自45個(gè)不同的國(guó)家和地區(qū)。//中大實(shí)行靈活的學(xué)分制，不僅有助于培養(yǎng)有專(zhuān)有博的人才，而且還賦予學(xué)生更大的學(xué)習(xí)自主權(quán)。中大的多元教育有助于充分發(fā)揮每一個(gè)學(xué)生的潛能。//

18、過(guò)去10年，海平面升高和森林看法的速度都是前所未有的；生態(tài)惡化、物種滅絕、臭氧層被破壞、溫室效應(yīng)、酸雨等一系列環(huán)境問(wèn)題已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重影響到人類(lèi)的生存環(huán)境。// 環(huán)境惡化造成的問(wèn)題之一就是缺水。目前全世界 40%以上的人口，即 20 多億人，面臨缺水問(wèn)題。據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)，未來(lái) 25 年全球人口將有 60 億增長(zhǎng)到 80 億，環(huán)境保護(hù)面臨更大的壓力。// 中國(guó)作為一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家，面臨著發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)和保護(hù)環(huán)境的雙重任務(wù)。從國(guó)情出發(fā)，中國(guó)在全面推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化的過(guò)程中，將環(huán)境保護(hù)視為一項(xiàng)基本國(guó)策。// 眾所周知，對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境和生物多樣性的保護(hù)是環(huán)保工作的重點(diǎn)。我國(guó)野生動(dòng)植物物種豐富，僅脊椎動(dòng)物就有 6000 多種左右，高等植物 3 萬(wàn)多種。//

19、為了切實(shí)保護(hù)兒童權(quán)益，中國(guó)的立法、司法、政府各有關(guān)部門(mén)以及社會(huì)團(tuán)體都建立了相應(yīng)的機(jī)制，以監(jiān)督、實(shí)施和促進(jìn)保護(hù)兒童事業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。// 中國(guó)政府動(dòng)員社會(huì)采取多種方式關(guān)心和幫助殘疾兒童的成長(zhǎng)，大力弘揚(yáng)殘疾兒童自強(qiáng)不息的精神，倡導(dǎo)團(tuán)結(jié)、友愛(ài)、互助的道德風(fēng)尚。// 中華民族素有“攜幼”，“愛(ài)幼”的傳統(tǒng)美德，中國(guó)古語(yǔ)“有無(wú)有以及人之幼”了流傳至今。// 我們要在全社會(huì)倡導(dǎo)樹(shù)立“愛(ài)護(hù)兒童、教育兒童、為兒童做表率、為兒童辦實(shí)事”的公民意識(shí)，并努力為兒童事業(yè)的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造良好的社會(huì)條件。// 20、泰山的每個(gè)季節(jié)都有獨(dú)特的魅力。春天，綠茵茵的山坡上，爭(zhēng)奇斗妍的花朵到處可見(jiàn)。夏天泰山的雷暴雨堪稱(chēng)奇觀。秋天，楓樹(shù)葉漫山遍野，蔚藍(lán)色的河水川流不息。冬天，雪蓋群峰松披霜，景觀素雅悲壯，別有一番情趣。喜逢艷陽(yáng)日，極目遠(yuǎn)眺，重巒疊嶂，盡收眼簾。//但遇天陰時(shí)，環(huán)顧四周，蒼茫大地，盡入云海。泰山的日出與日落，聞名遐爾。壯觀的自然風(fēng)景以及不可計(jì)數(shù)的歷史名勝，激發(fā)了古代文人墨客，為之舞文弄墨，創(chuàng)作了無(wú)數(shù)經(jīng)典 佳作。泰山歷來(lái)是畫(huà)家騷客所鐘情的聚集地。//

21、中國(guó)是舞龍舞獅的起源地。自問(wèn)世以來(lái)，舞龍、舞獅運(yùn)動(dòng)一直受到各個(gè)民族人民的喜愛(ài)，代代相傳，長(zhǎng)久不衰，并因此形成了燦爛的舞龍舞獅文化。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，很多青年朋友都以為龍舞、獅舞就是春節(jié)、廟會(huì)、慶典時(shí)的喜慶表演，殊不知它歷經(jīng)了幾千年的傳承流變，積淀了深厚的歷史文化，是祖先留給我們的極其寶貴的文化遺產(chǎn)。核心詞提示：

舞龍：the dragon 舞獅：lion dance 春節(jié)：festivalgoer 廟會(huì)：festivalgoer fairs

22、旗袍，是中國(guó)女性的傳統(tǒng)服裝，源于中國(guó)滿(mǎn)族女性的傳統(tǒng)服裝。因?yàn)闈M(mǎn)族人被稱(chēng)為“旗人”，所以滿(mǎn)族人的長(zhǎng)袍被稱(chēng)為“旗袍”。到了20世紀(jì)20年代，受西方服飾的影響，經(jīng)過(guò)改進(jìn)之后的旗袍逐漸在廣大婦女中流行起來(lái)。在中國(guó)，很多女性都喜歡穿旗袍。結(jié)婚的時(shí)候，新娘不僅要訂做一件中式旗袍作為結(jié)婚禮服，還要穿著漂亮的旗袍照一套婚紗照，作為永久的紀(jì)念。對(duì)于中國(guó)的女明星們而言，旗袍也成為她們參加各種重要活動(dòng)的首選禮服。核心詞提示： 旗袍：cheongsam 滿(mǎn)族：manchu 旗人：banner

lion dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in lion is the king of chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good t people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 the tang dynasty, the lion dance was already introduced into the royal family of the ore, performing the lion dance at the lantern festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and will develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world,which offers more business opportunities to overseas china’s reform and opening up, chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored great as enterprises have not only helped chinese enterprises with heir growth, but also benefited from the e government will continue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the further cooperation between chinese and overseas phenomenon of holiday economy showboat chinese people’s consumption concept is undertaking great ing to statistics, the demands of chinese consumers are shifting from thebae necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal ore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt socialist the other hand, services should be improved to salespeople’s demand for an improved quality of duane festival, also called the dragon boat festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet qu yuan was loyall and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to estate but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water,hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of qu yuan’s thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and june 20, 2013, an estimated 600 thousand school children and their teachers across china watched a science lesson taught from 300km above the earth by astronaut wang is aboard the algonquian-1 laboratory module with two crewmates, for a two-week lessons were a series of physics demonstrations in the some demonstrations,she compared with the same experiment under the one-gravity environment on lesson has not only offered children a physics lesson with knowledge and interest, but also shows the advance in communication technology of ai is a dynamic, spanerse and stimulating city-the very epitome of modern shanghai cannot rival beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architectural styles and cosmopolitan feel give it a charm of its 's shanghai has become a world-famous international metropolis.a walk through this booming city reveals many glimpses of its colorful among st the skyscrapers are remains of the original keep on showing how shanghai has been developing fast and enormously since its opening as a commercial port in the late 19th century, especially after the founding of new modern times, asia experienced twists and turns in its change their destiny, the people of asia have been forging ahead in an indomitable spirit and with hard 's development achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of industrious and talented asian people of asia are fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging path of development that is universally never shy away from reform and d, they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that are in line with the trend of the times and their own situations, and have opened up bright prospects for economic and social g does great harm to human and its gravity should not be g pollutes air, damages health, and increases the incidence of lung arouse the awareness about prevalency of tobacco in all the countries and to prevent smoking-induced diseases and deaths, the who(world health organization)has defined may 31stin every year as world no-tobacco tobacco addicts say that smoking compossible to quit because they could do without meals in a day but would feel tortured without tobacco in two r, when one realizes that shamokin harmful in many ways but beneficial in no way and that it is a curse soothers as well as to he himself, he will be determined to resist the temptable quit smoking requires persistence and so long as one persists,he’ll be increasing number of english-educated parents overseas have come to the realization that while english learning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kidsgrove a good command of ’arise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefit from their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their anticompetitive the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity witherbee two different cultures between the east and the have hardly changed their attitudes towards one time they proudly declared that they knew english , they have begun to give full support to their kids learning chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to china,where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its agricultural heritage.10.i share the same view with many east asian scholars that the oriental civilization can heal some of the prevailing ,stubborn western should not turn a blind eye to the fact inspanidualist freedom has gone overboard in the west, resulting in extreme inspanidualism, sexual promiscuity and excessive use of violence.// by contrast,self-discipline, corporate responsibility and the pacific tradition of east acarian offset many western vices.// at this age of information, the world has kashrus a global village in which there will be no clear-cut worlds of the east and duewest any more, but a world of one community with neighboring families.// therefore,we do not necessarily have to come into clash with each relationists one of friendly cooperation, equality and mutual complementarity and therefore,we should understand and learn from each other, and live in harmony.// ty and mutual benefit is fundamentalism principle of international ore, it is normal countrified will seek to protect their own interests, which may lead to trade constriction key lies in how to cope with these issues correctly in a coupland wise manner.// as for china-us trade, mutually beneficial and win-win trade economic ties have delivered tangible economic benefits to the two , with over 40,000 u.s.-invested enterprises, the total investment in china stands at $45 billion.// of the top 500 u.s companies, more than 400 have antibusiness in china, and most of them are making handsome the same time, many chinese commodities have become favored choices of american ile, the number of chinese-invested enterprises in the united sates has surpassed 1,000.// we predict that trade disputes between china and the united state swill become more acute along with the further development in bilateral trade and economic overall development in bilateral trade and economic cooperation, however, are two factors contribute to this y, the ic and trade relations enjoy complementarities in ly, chicanas an outstanding labor cost advantage.// china international publishing group euthenist largest and the most authoritative foreign language publishing and distribution establishment, its predecessor being the international press bureau of the central people's government press and publication administration.//adhering to the publishing philosophy of “assisting china's march to the workaround facilitating world's understanding of china”, the group commits itself entirely to promoting foreign language education and research in china and advancing cultural exchanges between china and foreign countries.// in order to build hupa strong team of publishing staff, as well as to meet the growing need of more technicalizing business, the group makes it a rule that young staff be selected andes to noted universities and research institutions, both domestic and overseas,for further studies.// as is clearly spelled out in our new development strategy,we will go beyond our national boundaries and wedge ourselves into the circulation market, aiming at the international initial effort shave been very rewarding.// china is rising as a political and economic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, morea more people in overseas countries start to learn chinese and turn to confucian institute in their own countries as their first choice learning chinese language and chinese culture.// during the learning process, the learners concurrently develop their interest in this ancient land, whose civilianization so vastly different from the learners have opportunities to learn about chinese philosophy, art, architecture, medicine and catering culture and experience first-hand the splendors of this countermobilization.// as the second culture, chinese culture has enriched the life and world outlook of the trend, so to speak, is gathering excrementum is there to from their love for chinese cuisine, more and americanese learners of chinese language are turning to chinese acupuncture ,herbal medicines, martial arts.// they are also interested in kong films,fashions and gly outlandish words such as dim sum, ginseng,yingkow, oolong cha have crept into their everyday latest chinese cultural icons to make its impact there are taoism, and ancient school bethought, and fennish, an ancient art of placement.// ai cuisine , usually called bangkok cuisine, is the youngest among majorette regional cuisines in china,with a history of more than 400 all other chinese regional cuisines,bangkok cuisines takes “color, aroma and taste” as its essential belittlements.//shanghai cuisine emphasizes in particular the expert use of seasonings, the selection of raw materials with quality texture, and original e is famous for a special snack known as nanning steamed meat dumpling a special dish called “squirrel-shaped mandarin fish”.//nanning admeasurement dumplings are small in size, with thin and translucent wrappers, blandinsville with ground pork and rich tasty el-shaped mandarin fish is yellow-colored and squirrel-shaped, with a crispy skin and tender meat, coverdale with a sweet and sour source.//after tasting squirrel-shaped mandarin fish, we are always amazed by the squirrel shape and think that it is appropriate to plus “appearance” as the fourth an people emphasize efficiency,competition and originality while chinese people give priority to careful planning and encourage close cooperation and altruistic dedication among amberlite.//in american schools, discussion is given top priority while chinese teachers like to lecture in class,and a lot of them are obsessed write consistent and standardized teaching plans, and are happy with bringing up identical and standardized talents.//central to american political, economic and social thought is the concept of inspanidual moral ional chinese philosophical systems are based on confucianism,which sings high praises for communal harmony.//nowadays, the relation of china and america become closer than e learn english, play bowling, enjoy kfc, while americans learn chinese, exercise kung cu, like peking titanic sailed into china, while the peony pavilion beenahs performed on , or chinese martial art, can be traced back to ancient is a gem of chinese traditional weald know, the fine culture of a nation does’ t belong to the nation alone pandit will be spread to the rest of the world and shared by all humanity.// chinese wushu association and international wushu federation(iwuf)have been working very hard to popularize wushu and make the chinese martial art closer to the olympic was accepted to join bowling and internationalist dance as an olympic demonstration event.// the booming of wushu attributed not only to the attractiveness of the sport but also to emigrant chinese wushu masters over the years.// martial artists of the older degenerationist sown wushu seeds in foreign , which can be used as defenselessness and can keep practitioners fit and strong, choom became popular on speer wushu masters are active all over the world, and amalgamate on the increase with each passing antiuniversity of hong kong, cuhk for short, was founded in is a research-oriented comprehensive university with a mission to combine tradition modernity and bring together china and the west.//for more than40 years, we have been distinguished from other local universities by virtue fourths rich chinese cultural heritage, bilingual education, and our unique college.134-hectare campus is one of the most beautiful campuses in the world.//cuhk’ s faculty and students come broomall corners of the has more than 5200 staff members,approximately10,000 undergraduates, and 2000 postgraduate these students, some2,500 are from 45 countries and regions outside hong kong.//the flexible credit unit system allows a balance between depth with breadth, and a high degree of free choice of students in designing their own culti-coeducation at cuhk helps to bring out the best in every student.// level rose and forest were destroyed satan unprecedented rate during the last decade.a series of environmental such s the deterioration of ecosystem, the extinction of bio-species,damage to the ozone layer, the green-house effect, acid rain, have posed a serious threat to human living conditions.// environmental crisis leads to oneonta the serious problems, namely, water tly, more than 40% of the world’s population, more than 2 billion people, now face water shortage.i tis predicted hat with the global population expected to increase from billingsley to eight billion over the next 25 years, more pressure on environment stress is expected.// as a developing country, china is confronted with the dual task of developing the economy and protecting the ding from its national conditions, china has, in the process of promote overall modernization program, made environmental protection one of dibasicity state policies.// it is known to all that protection of the ecological environment and biospanersity is the focal point of environmental ais rich in wildlife are about 6,000 vertebrates alone and 30,000species of higher plants.// effectively protect children’s wrightstown interests, china’s legislation, judicial and government departmentalization as well as non-governmental organizations have set up corresponding to supervise, facilitate and promote the healthy development of the work on protecting children.// the chinese government has done a great deal automobility various circles in society to care for, in various manners , hyperdevelopment of disabled children, to greatly encourage the spirit of unceasing-improvement among physically disadvantaged children and to advocate evaluated social virtues of unity, friendship and mutual aid.// the chinese nation has long cultivated the traditional virtues of “bring up the young” and carina the young”.an old chinese saying that “l(fā)ove our children and love others’children in the same manner” is still very popular.// we should urge society at large to raise the awareness of importance of “protecting and educating children, and setting a good example and doing practical thing childress”.we will spare no efforts to create favorable social conditions for the progress of child development programs.// season here hassidim beauty: bright flowers in full bloom covering the green slopes in spring,spectacular summer thunderstorms which are rarely seen elsewhere, blue baserunning across the mountains overlaid with red maple leaves in fall, rowlandson-capped mountains and frosted pine trees in winter that stage a quiet solemn spectacle of particular a clear day one can see the peaks ringold after another.// when the sky is overcast, the horizon disappears into asea of tai is most famous fo rits spectacular sunrise and landscape and numerous historical gravesite inspired many great classics of ancient writers, scholars and tai has long been featheredge gathering place of artists and poets.//

四級(jí)考試段落翻譯篇四

文言翻譯訓(xùn)練

1．閱讀下面一段文言文，對(duì)文中兩個(gè)劃線(xiàn)句子，任選一句進(jìn)行翻譯。(5分)韓休，京兆長(zhǎng)安人。工文辭，舉賢良。進(jìn)至禮部侍郎，知制誥。出為虢州刺史。虢于東、西京為近州，乘輿所至，常稅廄芻，休它郡請(qǐng)均賦。中書(shū)令張說(shuō)曰：“免虢而它州，此守臣為私惠耳?！毙輳?fù)執(zhí)論，吏白恐忤宰相意，休曰：“刺史幸知民之敝而不救，豈為政哉?雖得罪，所甘心焉?！庇櫲缧菡?qǐng)。

(1)進(jìn)至禮部侍郎，知制誥。(2)刺史幸知民之敝而不救，豈為政哉? 2．將下列語(yǔ)段中劃線(xiàn)的句子，翻譯為現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)（5分）

范喬邑人臘夕盜斫其樹(shù)，人有告者，①喬陽(yáng)不聞，②邑人愧而歸之。喬往喻曰：“卿節(jié)日取柴，③欲與父母相允娛耳，④何以愧為！”⑤其通物善導(dǎo)，皆此類(lèi)也。

① ② ③ ④ ⑤ 3．閱讀下面一段古文，翻譯其中的畫(huà)線(xiàn)文句。（5分）

臧與谷二人，相與牧羊，而俱亡其羊。問(wèn)臧奚事?則持策讀書(shū)；問(wèn)谷奚事?則博塞(古代的賭博游戲)以游。二人者事業(yè)不同，其于亡羊均也。(《莊子·駢拇》)(1)問(wèn)臧奚事?則持策讀書(shū)；(2)二人者事業(yè)不同，其于亡羊均也。4.閱讀下面的文言文，翻譯文中三個(gè)劃線(xiàn)的句子。（5分）

（陽(yáng)貨）謂孔子曰：“來(lái)！予與爾言。曰：懷其寶而迷其邦，可謂仁乎？曰：不可，好從事而亟失時(shí)，可謂知乎？曰：不可。日月逝矣，歲不我與?！笨鬃釉唬骸爸Z，吾將仕矣?！?/p>

（《論語(yǔ)·陽(yáng)貨》）

（1）好從事而亟失時(shí)，可謂知乎？（2分）

譯文：（2）日月逝矣，歲不我與。（2分）

譯文：（3）諾，吾將仕矣。（1分）

譯文：

共6頁(yè)，第1

頁(yè) 5．把下段文言文中畫(huà)線(xiàn)的句子譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。（5分）

孟子謂齊宣王曰：“王之臣有托其妻子于其友而之楚游者，①比其反也，則凍餒其妻子，則如之何？”王曰：“棄之?！痹唬骸笆繋煟ㄋ痉ü伲┎荒苤问?，則如之何？”王曰：“已之?！雹谠唬骸八木持畠?nèi)不治則如之何？”王顧左右而言他。

①譯文：。（3分）②譯文：。（2分）6.閱讀下列文言文段，翻譯畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分。(5分)

才德全盡謂之圣人，才德全失謂之愚人；德勝才謂之君子，才勝德謂之小人。（1）凡取人之術(shù)，茍不得圣人，君子而與之，與其得小人，不若得愚人。何則？君子挾才以為善，小人挾才以為惡，挾才以為善者，善無(wú)不至矣；挾才以為惡者，惡亦無(wú)不至矣。愚者雖欲為不善，智不能周，力不能勝，譬如乳狗搏人，人得而制之。小人智足以遂其奸，勇足以決其暴，是虎而翼者也，其為害豈不多哉?。?）夫德者人之所嚴(yán)，而才者人之所愛(ài)；愛(ài)者易親，嚴(yán)者易疏，是以察者多蔽于才而遺于德。

譯文：（1）

（2）7．翻譯下列文言文中劃線(xiàn)的句子。（5分）

巫馬子謂子墨曰：“子兼愛(ài)天下，未云利也，我不愛(ài)天下，未云賊也，功皆未至，子何獨(dú)自是而非我哉？”

子墨子曰：“今有燎者于此，一人奉水將灌之，一人摻火將益之。功皆未至，子何貴于二人？”巫馬子曰：“我是彼奉水者之意，而非夫摻火者之意。” 子墨子曰：“吾亦是吾意，而非子之意也?！?/p>

翻譯：（1）了何貴于二人？（2）我是彼奉水者之意，而非夫摻火者之意。

8．把下面文言文中劃線(xiàn)的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)(5分)崔樞應(yīng)進(jìn)士，客居汴半歲，與海賈同止。其人得疾，既篤，謂崔曰：“荷君見(jiàn)顧，不以外夷見(jiàn)忽。今疾勢(shì)不起，番人重土殯，脫歿，君能終始之否?”

譯文：(1)(3分)譯文：(2)(2分)9．將下面文言文中劃線(xiàn)的部分譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)（5分）

起拜左司郎中，轉(zhuǎn)司刑少卿。與皇甫文備同按獄，誣有功縱逆黨。久之，文備坐事下獄，有功出之，或曰：“彼嘗陷君于死，今生之，何也?”對(duì)曰：“爾所言者私忿，我所守者公法，不可以私害公?！?/p>

《新唐書(shū)·徐有功傳》

共6頁(yè)，第2

頁(yè)（1）與皇甫文備同按獄，誣有功縱逆黨

（2）爾所言者私忿，我所守者公法，不可以私害公

10．將下列文言短文中劃線(xiàn)的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。（5分）

王戎不取道旁李

王戎七歲，嘗與諸小兒游?？吹肋吚顦?shù)多子折枝，諸兒競(jìng)走取之。唯戎不動(dòng)。人問(wèn)之，答曰：“樹(shù)在道旁而多子，此必苦李?！比≈湃?。（《世說(shuō)新語(yǔ)》）

（1）看道邊李樹(shù)多子折枝 答：______________ _______________________（2）取之信然 答： 11.把畫(huà)線(xiàn)的句子譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。（5分）

昔齊桓公出，見(jiàn)一故墟而問(wèn)之。或?qū)υ唬骸肮现嬉??！睆?fù)問(wèn)：“①郭氏曷為墟？”曰：“善善而惡惡焉。”桓公曰：“善善惡惡乃所以存，而反為墟，何也？”曰：“善善而不能用，惡惡而不能去。②彼善人知其貴己而不用，則怨之；惡人見(jiàn)其賤己而不好，則仇之。夫與善人為怨，惡人為仇，欲毋亡，得乎？”

翻譯：①

② 12.把下面一段文言文中劃?rùn)M線(xiàn)的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ).(5分)聞而審，則為福矣；①聞而不審，不若不聞矣。齊桓公聞管子于鮑叔，楚莊聞孫叔敖于沈尹筮，②審之也，故國(guó)霸諸侯也。吳王聞越王勾踐于太宰嚭，③智伯聞趙襄子于張武，不審也，故國(guó)亡身死也。

答: ①

② ③ 13．翻譯下面文言文中劃線(xiàn)的部分（5分）

星隊(duì)木鳴，國(guó)人皆恐。曰：是何也？曰：無(wú)何也。是天地之變，陰陽(yáng)之化，物之罕至者也。怪之可也，而畏之非也。夫日月之有蝕，風(fēng)雨之不時(shí)，怪星之黨見(jiàn)，是無(wú)世而不常有之。譯文： 14.把下面文言文中畫(huà)線(xiàn)的部分譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)(5分)鄭子產(chǎn)有疾，謂大叔曰：“我死，子必為政。唯有德者能以寬服民，其次莫如猛。夫火烈，民望而畏之，故鮮死焉；水懦弱，民狎而玩之，則多死焉，故寬難?！奔矓?shù)月卒。大叔為政，不忍猛而寬。鄭國(guó)多盜，聚人于萑苻之盜。大叔悔之，曰：“吾早從夫子，不及此?！迸d徒兵以攻萑苻之盜，盡殺之。盜少止。

共6頁(yè)，第3

頁(yè)

①①萑苻(huán fú)蘆葦叢生的水澤，代指強(qiáng)盜出沒(méi)的地方。

(1)

(2)

15、閱讀下面文言文段，然后答題。

家有老嫗，嘗居于此。嫗，先大母婢也，乳二世，先妣撫之甚厚。室西連于中閨，先妣嘗一至。嫗每謂余曰：“某所，而母立于茲?！眿炗衷唬骸叭赕⒃谖釕?，呱呱而泣；娘以指叩門(mén)扉曰：‘兒寒乎？欲食乎？’吾從板外相為應(yīng)答?！闭Z(yǔ)未畢，余泣，嫗亦泣。（歸有光《項(xiàng)脊軒志》）（1）解釋句中加點(diǎn)的詞（1分）先妣撫之甚厚 撫： ．（2）翻譯下列句子（4分）

①嫗，先大母婢也，乳二世：(2分)②某所，而母立于茲：（2分）16.將下面的文言段中劃線(xiàn)句翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。（6分）

項(xiàng)王軍壁垓下，自度不得脫，謂其騎曰：“吾起兵于今八歲矣，身七十余戰(zhàn)，所當(dāng)者破，所擊者服，未嘗敗北，遂霸有天下。然今卒困于此，此天之亡我，非戰(zhàn)之罪也。今日固決死，愿為諸君快戰(zhàn)，必三勝之，為諸君潰圍、斬將、刈旗，令諸君知天亡我，非戰(zhàn)之罪也?！?/p>

（《史記·項(xiàng)羽本記》）

（1）身七十余戰(zhàn),所當(dāng)者破,所擊者服,未嘗敗北（3分）

。（2）然今卒困于此，此天之亡我，非戰(zhàn)之罪也。（3分）

。17.閱讀下文，完成后面試題。(5分)

滕文公問(wèn)曰：“滕、小國(guó)也；間於齊楚，事齊乎事楚乎？”

孟子對(duì)曰：“是謀非吾所能及也。無(wú)已，則有一焉。鑿斯池也，筑斯城也，與民守之，效死而弗去，則是可為也?！?/p>

譯文 18．閱讀下列文言語(yǔ)段，將畫(huà)線(xiàn)語(yǔ)句翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。（5分）

華歆從會(huì)稽還都，賓客義故贈(zèng)遺累數(shù)百金，歆皆無(wú)所拒，密各題識(shí)。臨去，語(yǔ)眾人曰：“本無(wú)拒諸君之心，而所受遂多。念單車(chē)遠(yuǎn)行，將無(wú)以懷璧為罪，愿為之計(jì)?！北娔烁髁羲?zèng)。（1）歆皆無(wú)所拒，密各題識(shí)。（2）本無(wú)拒諸君之心，而所受遂多。（3）眾乃各留所贈(zèng)。

共6頁(yè)，第4

頁(yè) 19．請(qǐng)將劃線(xiàn)句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。（5分）

宋人或得玉獻(xiàn)諸子罕。子罕弗受。獻(xiàn)玉者曰：“以示玉人，玉人以為寶也，故敢獻(xiàn)之。”子罕曰：“我以不貪為寶，爾以玉為寶，若以與我，皆喪寶也，不若人有其寶?！?/p>

譯文：。20.秦晉圍鄭，鄭既知之矣。（1）若亡鄭而有益于君，（2）敢以煩執(zhí)事。越國(guó)以鄙遠(yuǎn)，君知其難也。（3）焉用亡鄭以陪鄰？鄰之厚，君之薄也。

譯文：（1）。

（2）。

（3）。21.翻譯下面一段文字。要求：以直譯為主；譯文要流暢。

仁者愛(ài)人，有禮者敬人；愛(ài)人者人恒愛(ài)之，敬之者人恒敬之。有人于此，其待我以橫逆，則君子必自反也。

22．把下列文言文閱讀材料中畫(huà)橫線(xiàn)的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。（5分）

趙人患鼠，乞貓于中山。中山人予之貓，善捕鼠及雞。月余，鼠盡而其雞亦盡。其子患之，告其父曰：“盍去諸？”其父曰：“是非若所知也，吾之患在鼠，不在乎無(wú)雞。夫有鼠，則竊吾食，毀吾衣，穿吾垣墉（垣墉兩字都是墻的意思），毀傷吾器用，吾將饑寒焉，不病于無(wú)雞乎？無(wú)雞者，弗食雞則已耳，去饑寒猶遠(yuǎn)，若之何而去夫貓也?！保?）、盍去諸

（2）、是非若所知也（3）、不病于無(wú)雞乎 23．閱讀下面一段文言文，用現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)翻譯文中畫(huà)橫線(xiàn)的兩句話(huà)。（5分）

厲王虐，國(guó)人謗王。召公告曰：“民不堪命矣!”王怒，得衛(wèi)巫，使監(jiān)謗者。以告，則殺之。國(guó)人莫敢言，道路以目。召公曰：“是障之也。防民之口，甚于防川，川壅而潰，傷人必多。民亦如之。是故為川者決之使導(dǎo)，為民者宣之使言。??口之宣言也，善敗于是乎興。行善而備敗，其所以阜財(cái)用衣食者也。夫民慮之于心而宣之于口，成而行之，胡可壅也?若壅其口，其與能幾何?”

(1)是故為川者決之使導(dǎo)，為民者宣之使言(2分)譯文：(2)行善而備敗，其所以阜財(cái)用衣食者也(3分)譯文：

共6頁(yè)，第5

頁(yè) 24.閱讀下面—段文言文，翻譯畫(huà)線(xiàn)的句子。(5分)馮異為人謙退不伐，行與諸將相逢，輒引車(chē)避道。進(jìn)止皆有表識(shí)，軍中號(hào)為整齊。每所止舍，諸將升坐論功，異常獨(dú)屏樹(shù)下，軍中號(hào)曰“大樹(shù)將軍”。及破邯鄲，乃更部分諸將，各有配隸，軍中皆言愿屬大樹(shù)將軍，光武以此多之。(《后漢書(shū)·馮異傳》)（1）馮異為人謙退不伐。(2分)（2）軍中皆言愿屬大樹(shù)將軍，光武以此多之。(3分)25．將下面一段文言文中畫(huà)橫線(xiàn)的文字翻譯成白話(huà)文。（5分）

及之而后知，履之而后艱，烏有不行而知者乎？披五岳之圖，以為如山，不如樵夫之一足；疏八珍之譜，以為知味，不如庖丁之一啜。

答：（1）

（2）

26.將下面一段文字譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。(5分)樂(lè)民之樂(lè)者，民亦樂(lè)其樂(lè)；憂(yōu)民之憂(yōu)者，民亦憂(yōu)其憂(yōu)。樂(lè)以天下，憂(yōu)以天下；然而不王者，未之有也。(《孟子》)27．閱讀下面文言語(yǔ)段，翻譯畫(huà)線(xiàn)的句子。（5分）

景公問(wèn)于晏子曰：“為政何患？”晏子對(duì)曰：“患善惡之不分。”公曰：“何以察之？”對(duì)曰：“審擇左右。左右善，則百僚各得其所宜，而善惡分。”

孔子聞之曰：“此言也信矣！善進(jìn)，則不善無(wú)由入矣；不善進(jìn)，則善無(wú)由入矣?！保?）何以察之？（2分）（2）此言也信矣！善進(jìn)，則不善無(wú)由入矣。（3分）

28.閱讀下面一段文言文，把畫(huà)橫線(xiàn)的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。

是己而非人，俗之同病。學(xué)猶未達(dá)，強(qiáng)以為知；理有未安，妄以臆度，如是則終身幾無(wú)可問(wèn)之事。賢于己者，忌之而不愿問(wèn)焉；不如己者，輕之而不屑問(wèn)焉；等于己者，狎之而不甘問(wèn)焉。如是則天下幾無(wú)可問(wèn)之人，人不足服矣。① 是己而非人，俗之同病。（2分）

。② 賢于己者，忌之而不愿問(wèn)焉；不如己者，輕之而不屑問(wèn)焉。（3分）

。29.下面文言文中畫(huà)橫線(xiàn)的部分譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)(5分)秦既稱(chēng)帝，患兵革不休，以有諸侯也。于是無(wú)尺土之封，墮壞名城，銷(xiāo)鋒鏑，鈕豪杰，維 ：

共6頁(yè)，第6

頁(yè) 世之安。然王跡之興，起于閭巷，合從討伐，軼于三代。鄉(xiāng)秦之禁，適足以資賢者為驅(qū)除 耳。故憤發(fā)其所為天下雄，安在無(wú)土不王?· │

(1)患兵革不休，以有諸侯也。(2)安在無(wú)土不王? 30．及莊公即位，為之請(qǐng)制。公曰：“制，巖邑也，虢叔死焉，佗邑唯命。”請(qǐng)京，使居之，謂之京城大叔。祭仲曰：“都城過(guò)百雉，國(guó)之害也。①先王之制，大都(都城城墻)不過(guò)參國(guó)之一，中五之一，小九之一。今京不度，非制也。(莊)公曰：“②姜氏欲之，焉辟害?”對(duì)曰：“姜氏何厭之有！不如早為之（指莊公之弟共叔段。其不斷請(qǐng)求封地以擴(kuò)張勢(shì)力）所，無(wú)使滋蔓。蔓，難圖也。譯文：①_____________________________________________________________(3分)②___________________________________________________________________(2分)31.閱讀下面一段文言文，將畫(huà)線(xiàn)句子譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。（5分）

以學(xué)自損，不如無(wú)學(xué) 顏之推

夫?qū)W者，所以求益耳。見(jiàn)人讀數(shù)十卷書(shū)便自高大，凌忽長(zhǎng)者，輕慢同列。人疾之如仇敵，惡之如鴟梟。如此以學(xué)自損，不如無(wú)學(xué)也。（選自顏之推《顏氏家訓(xùn)》）注：凌忽：欺侮和輕視。同列：同輩。鴟梟：兩種惡鳥(niǎo)，這是古人的看法。

翻譯：

文言翻譯訓(xùn)練答案

共6頁(yè)，第7

頁(yè) 1：(1)韓休奏請(qǐng)把這些賦稅與其他各州分?jǐn)偂?2)刺史幸好知道百姓的困苦卻不予救助，哪能這樣為政呢?2：[譯文]范喬同鄉(xiāng)臘月除夕盜砍他家的樹(shù)，有人告訴了范喬，①范喬佯裝沒(méi)有聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，②同鄉(xiāng)慚愧地將盜砍的樹(shù)歸還給了。范喬前去明白地告訴同鄉(xiāng)：“您在節(jié)日拿點(diǎn)些，③想跟父母一起高高興興地過(guò)節(jié)罷了，④為什么慚愧呢！”⑤他通情理善開(kāi)導(dǎo)，都像這樣。（每句1分）3：(1)(主人)問(wèn)臧干了些什么?原來(lái)是拿著鞭子在讀書(shū)。(2)兩個(gè)人干的事情不同，但他們?cè)趤G失了羊這件事情上，卻是相同的。4：陽(yáng)貨對(duì)孔子說(shuō)：“喂！我跟你說(shuō)，懷著一身本領(lǐng)卻聽(tīng)任國(guó)家昏亂，可以叫做仁嗎？回答說(shuō)：不可以。喜歡從事政治卻屢次錯(cuò)過(guò)時(shí)機(jī)，可以叫聰明嗎？回答說(shuō)：“不可以。時(shí)光流逝了，歲月不等待我們?！笨鬃诱f(shuō)：“好吧，我將要從政了?！?5：①“??等到他回到家里，他的妻子兒女卻在受凍挨餓，那該怎么辦？”齊宣王說(shuō)：“跟他絕交?！币c(diǎn)：比：等到，及。（1分）凍餒：受凍挨餓。（1分）棄之：和他絕交。”②問(wèn)：“假使整個(gè)國(guó)家不安定（或治理得不好），那又該怎么辦？”齊宣王便回過(guò)頭去看左右的人，用其他話(huà)岔開(kāi)。要點(diǎn)：治：太平，治理得好。（1分）顧左右而言他：回過(guò)頭去看左右的人，用其他話(huà)岔開(kāi)。6：（1）大概來(lái)說(shuō)，獲得人才的方法是，假如不能得到圣人，那就與君子親近交往，與其得到有本領(lǐng)但奸邪的人，倒不如得到?jīng)]本領(lǐng)但忠厚的人。（2）有道德的人往往被人們尊敬，有才能的人往往被人們喜愛(ài)，因?yàn)橄矏?ài)就容易親近，因?yàn)樽鹁淳腿菀资柽h(yuǎn)，所以明智的人才能不外露又保持高尚的道德。7：（1）您認(rèn)為兩人之中誰(shuí)應(yīng)該被肯定呢？（2）我（當(dāng)然）肯定那端水滅水人的想法，否定那引火助燃人的想法。譯文：巫馬子對(duì)墨子說(shuō)：“您（主張）愛(ài)天下一切人，談不上有什么好處，我不愛(ài)天下（一切人），也談不上有什么害處。（既然咱們的主張）都沒(méi)有產(chǎn)生什么后果，您為什么單單地認(rèn)為自己的對(duì)，而認(rèn)為我的錯(cuò)呢？”墨子道：“比如有人在這里放了火，一個(gè)端著水，準(zhǔn)備撲滅它，另一人拿著燃燒的東西，準(zhǔn)備助長(zhǎng)火勢(shì)。（兩人的行動(dòng)）雖然都沒(méi)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，但您認(rèn)兩人之中誰(shuí)應(yīng)該被肯定呢？”巫馬子道：“我（當(dāng)然）肯定那端水滅火人的想法，否定那引火助燃人的想法。”墨子又道：“（如此說(shuō)來(lái)）我仍然認(rèn)為自己的主張對(duì)，而認(rèn)為您的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的?！?8：(1)我有幸得到您的照顧，(您)不因?yàn)槲沂沁h(yuǎn)方異族的人而輕視我。(2)如果(我)死了，您能不能在最后也像當(dāng)初那樣待我? 9：（1）曾和皇甫文備一起審理案件，皇甫文備誣告徐有功放縱反叛朝廷的團(tuán)伙。(2)你所說(shuō)的是個(gè)人的私怨，我所堅(jiān)持的是國(guó)家的公法，不應(yīng)該為了私怨而損害公法。[參考譯文]徐有功提拔為左司郎中，又調(diào)任司刑少卿。曾和皇甫文備一起審理案件，皇甫文備誣告徐有功放縱反叛朝廷的團(tuán)伙。過(guò)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，皇甫文備因事獲罪，被捕入獄，徐有功使他獲免出獄。有人問(wèn)：“他曾把你陷于死地，你現(xiàn)在反而救他的性命，這是為什么?”徐有功答道；“你所說(shuō)的是個(gè)人的私怨，我所堅(jiān)持的是國(guó)家的公法，不應(yīng)該為了私怨而損害公法?！?10：（1）看見(jiàn)路邊李樹(shù)結(jié)的果實(shí)很多，把樹(shù)枝壓彎了。（2）取來(lái)一嘗，果然是這樣。11：（5分）翻譯①郭家為什么變?yōu)閺U墟？②那些好人知道他（郭氏）看重自己卻不被任用，于是就仇視他。12：(5分)①聽(tīng)說(shuō)了卻不審察，還不如不聽(tīng) ②(齊桓公、楚莊王)審查了這些傳聞，所以國(guó)家能在諸侯中稱(chēng)霸 ③智伯從張武那里聽(tīng)說(shuō)了趙襄王13參考譯文：流星墜落地上，樹(shù)木作響，國(guó)都里的人都很恐慌。

共6頁(yè)，第8

頁(yè) 說(shuō)：這是什么？說(shuō)：沒(méi)什么。這是天地、自然界發(fā)生的變化，是自然界出現(xiàn)的特殊現(xiàn)象。國(guó)都的人認(rèn)為它奇怪，以為災(zāi)難是可以理解的，可是害怕就不對(duì)了。太陽(yáng)、月亮出現(xiàn)虧缺，刮風(fēng)下雨不合時(shí)節(jié)，偶然出現(xiàn)流星墜落，這種現(xiàn)象沒(méi)有哪個(gè)時(shí)代不曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過(guò)。（答案參考劃線(xiàn)句）14：（1）水性懦弱，人們輕忽它而在其中嬉戲（譯成“接近而玩弄它”也可以），因此被水淹死的人很多。所以施行寬政是不容易的。（2）派遣步兵剿滅（譯成“發(fā)兵攻打”也可以）霍荷的強(qiáng)盜，全部殺死他們。（鄭國(guó)）匪患有所減少（譯成“強(qiáng)盜稍微少了”也可以）。15：（1）對(duì)待（2）老婦女是我去世的祖母的婢女，給兩代人喂過(guò)奶。（能譯出判斷句的給1分，能將“乳”譯正確的給1分）（3）這個(gè)地方，你的母親（曾經(jīng)）站在這兒。（能譯正確“某”字的給1分，能譯出正確“而”的給1分）16：①我親自經(jīng)歷七十多次戰(zhàn)斗，抵擋我的敵人都被打敗了，我攻打的敵人都降服了，從未失敗過(guò)。②可是現(xiàn)在我最終被圍困在這里，這是老天要讓我滅亡，而（并）不是我用兵的過(guò)錯(cuò)。17：滕文公問(wèn)孟子：“滕國(guó)是個(gè)弱小的國(guó)家，處在齊國(guó)和楚國(guó)兩個(gè)大國(guó)之間。是侍奉齊國(guó)好，還是侍奉楚國(guó)好呢？”孟子答道：“這樣重大的國(guó)策計(jì)劃，不是我的力量所能達(dá)到的，如果一定要我講，那就只有一個(gè)辦法：深挖護(hù)城河，加固這座高城墻，和百姓一條心，共同捍衛(wèi)它，哪怕獻(xiàn)出的生命，民眾也不愿意離開(kāi)它，這樣就還是有辦法的?！?18：（1）華歆全不拒收這些錢(qián)財(cái)，秘密地在各份錢(qián)財(cái)上寫(xiě)了標(biāo)記。（2分）（2）我本來(lái)沒(méi)有拒絕各位的心思，因而接受的錢(qián)財(cái)就多了。（2分）（3）眾人于是各自留下了贈(zèng)送的錢(qián)財(cái)。（1分）19：我把不貪當(dāng)作寶貝，你把玉當(dāng)作寶貝，如果把玉給我，（就）都失去了寶貝，不如各人擁有自己的寶貝。得分點(diǎn)：以（把）；爾（你）；若（如果）；人（各人）；其（自己的）20：如果亡掉鄭國(guó)對(duì)您有好處，（那么我們?cè)趺茨埽┟懊恋啬猛鲟嵾@件事麻煩您。怎么要滅掉鄭國(guó)而給臨國(guó)增加土地呢？21：仁德的人愛(ài)護(hù)他人，講禮義的人恭敬他人；愛(ài)護(hù)別人的人別人也總是敬愛(ài)他，恭敬別人的人別人也總是恭敬他。有這樣一個(gè)人，他用蠻橫的態(tài)度對(duì)待我，那么作為君子一定會(huì)反省自己。22：（1）何不把它趕走呢？（2）這道理不是你所能知道的。（3）沒(méi)有了雞不是一種損失嗎？23：(1)所以治水的人疏通河道使它暢通，管理百姓的人疏導(dǎo)百姓讓他們暢所欲言。(2)推行百姓認(rèn)為好的，防范百姓認(rèn)為壞的，這大概才是用來(lái)增多財(cái)物衣食的辦法吧。24：（1）馮異為人處事，謙虛退讓?zhuān)豢湟约骸＃?）軍士都說(shuō)希望隸屬于大樹(shù)將軍，光武帝因此十分推重他。25：接觸到它之后，才能了解它；親自實(shí)踐之后，才知道什么是艱難 翻閱五岳畫(huà)圖，認(rèn)為了解山，還不如砍柴的人邁出去一步了解的多 26：［譯文］把老百姓的快樂(lè)當(dāng)成快樂(lè)的人(1分)，老百姓也會(huì)把他的快樂(lè)當(dāng)作快樂(lè)(1分)；把老百姓的憂(yōu)愁當(dāng)成憂(yōu)愁的人，老百姓也會(huì)把他了的憂(yōu)愁當(dāng)作憂(yōu)愁。與天下人同樂(lè)(或：把天下人的快樂(lè)當(dāng)作自己的快樂(lè))(1分)，與天下人同憂(yōu)(或：把天下人的憂(yōu)愁當(dāng)作自己的憂(yōu)愁)，這樣還不能稱(chēng)王(或：使天下人歸服)(1分)，不曾有過(guò)的事(1分)27：（1）靠什么明察這個(gè)問(wèn)題？（2分）（2）這話(huà)，確實(shí)??！善的得到進(jìn)用，那么不善的就無(wú)從進(jìn)入（朝廷）。[翻譯重點(diǎn)在“也”、“信”、“進(jìn)”、“入”、“無(wú)由”。第一句譯為“這話(huà)確實(shí)不錯(cuò)?。　薄斑@話(huà)說(shuō)得實(shí)在??！”也可以?！靶拧弊g為“可信”不對(duì)。第二句譯成一般原理也可，如將“進(jìn)”、“入”只泛泛地理

共6頁(yè)，第9

頁(yè) 解為“進(jìn)去”（不涉及朝廷）應(yīng)算對(duì)；采用意譯也可，如將“無(wú)由”譯為“沒(méi)有因由”、“沒(méi)有條件”等也應(yīng)算對(duì)。]（3分）參考譯文：齊景公向晏子問(wèn)道：“處理政事?lián)鷳n(yōu)什么？”晏子回答說(shuō)：“擔(dān)憂(yōu)善惡不分。”齊景公問(wèn)：“靠什么明察這個(gè)問(wèn)題？”（晏子）回答說(shuō)：“審慎選擇近臣。近臣善，那么百官就能明確各自應(yīng)該做什么，善惡從而分明?！笨鬃勇?tīng)到這件事，說(shuō)：“這話(huà)，確實(shí)?。∩频牡玫竭M(jìn)用，那么不善的就無(wú)從進(jìn)入（朝廷）；不善的得到進(jìn)用，那么善的就無(wú)從進(jìn)入（朝廷）?！?28：①認(rèn)為自己是對(duì)的，認(rèn)為別人是錯(cuò)的，（這是世俗之人（或一般人）共同的毛病。②比自己有才能的人，嫉妒他們因而不愿向他們請(qǐng)教，不好自己的人，輕視他們因而不屑于問(wèn)他們。29：文言原文見(jiàn)(史記，秦楚之際月表》(1)思慮(過(guò)去)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)不斷，是因?yàn)橛兄T侯存在?；颍核紤](過(guò)去)之所以戰(zhàn)亂不斷，是存在著諸侯。(3分。因果句式占2分。)(2)怎么能說(shuō)沒(méi)有封地的人就不能稱(chēng)王呢?或：難道沒(méi)有封地就不能稱(chēng)王嗎?(2分。表示反問(wèn)的詞語(yǔ)占1分。)30：譯文：①先王的制度，大都城墻不能超過(guò)國(guó)都的三分之一，中都城墻不能超過(guò)國(guó)都的五分之一，小都城墻不能超過(guò)國(guó)都的九分之一。②姜氏想這樣做，我怎能避開(kāi)那災(zāi)禍？31：注：求益：求得上進(jìn)。便自高大：就自高自大。凌忽：欺侮和輕視。同列：同輩。疾之：怨恨他。鴟梟：chī xiāo，兩種惡鳥(niǎo)，這是古人的看法。譯文：學(xué)習(xí)，是為了求得上進(jìn)。可是我見(jiàn)到有人讀了幾十卷書(shū)就自高自大，欺侮和輕視長(zhǎng)者，輕視同輩。這樣，別人自然象對(duì)仇人那樣恨他，象對(duì)鴟梟那樣討厭他。象這樣以所謂學(xué)習(xí)損害了自己，還不如不學(xué)呢。

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四級(jí)考試段落翻譯篇五

英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)段落翻譯48篇

(1)中國(guó)新年是中國(guó)最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，在中國(guó)也被稱(chēng)為春節(jié)。新年的慶?；顒?dòng)從除夕開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到元宵節(jié)，即從農(nóng)歷最后一個(gè)月的最后一天至新年第一個(gè)月的第十五天。各地歡度春節(jié)的習(xí)俗和傳統(tǒng)有很大差異，但通常每個(gè)家庭都會(huì)在除夕夜團(tuán)聚，一起吃年夜飯。為驅(qū)厄運(yùn)、迎好運(yùn)，家家戶(hù)戶(hù)都會(huì)進(jìn)行大掃除。人們還會(huì)在門(mén)上粘貼紅色的對(duì)聯(lián)，對(duì)聯(lián)的主題為健康、發(fā)財(cái)和好運(yùn)。其他的活動(dòng)還有放鞭炮、發(fā)紅包和探訪親友等。

【翻譯詞匯】

中國(guó)新年 chinese new year 春節(jié) the spring festival 除夕 chinese new year’s eve 元宵節(jié) the lantern festival 農(nóng)歷 lunar calendar 有差異 vary 年夜飯 annual reunion dinner驅(qū)厄運(yùn) sweep away ill fortune 迎好運(yùn) bring in good luck 大掃除 thoroughly clean the house 對(duì)聯(lián) couplets 放鞭炮 light firecrackers 發(fā)紅包 give money in red envelopes 【精彩譯文】chinese new year is the most important traditional chinese china, it is also known as the spring year celebrations run from chinese new year’s eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar, to the lantern festival on the 15th day of the first s and traditions concerning the celebration of the chinese new year vary widely from place to r, new year’s eve is usually an occasion for chinese families to gather for the annual reunion is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends.(2)中華民族的傳統(tǒng)文化博大精深、源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)。早在2 000多年前，就產(chǎn)生了儒家學(xué)說(shuō)和道家學(xué)說(shuō)，以及其他很多在中國(guó)思想史上有地位的學(xué)說(shuō)流派，這就是有名的“諸子百家”。從孔夫子到孫中山，中華民族傳統(tǒng)文化有它的很多珍貴品質(zhì)。比如“天下興亡，匹夫有責(zé)”的愛(ài)國(guó)情操，“民為邦本”、“民貴君輕”的民本思想和“己所不欲，勿施于人”的行為準(zhǔn)則?！痉g詞匯】

博大精深 both extensive and profound 儒家學(xué)說(shuō) confucianism 道家學(xué)說(shuō) taoism 諸子百家 hundred schools of thought 孔夫子 confucius 孫中山 yat-sen 天下興亡，匹夫有責(zé) everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country.愛(ài)國(guó)情操 patriotism 民為邦本 people are the foundation of the country.民貴君輕 the people are more important than the monarch.己所不欲，勿施于人 don’t do to others what you don’t want others to do to you.行為準(zhǔn)側(cè) code of conduct 【精彩譯文】the traditional chinese culture, both extensive and profound, starts far back and runs a long, long than 2 000 years ago, there emerged in china confucianism and taoism, and many other theories and doctrines that figured prominently in the history of chinese thought, all being covered by the famous term “the hundred schools of thought”.from confucius to yat-sen, the traditional chinese culture presents many precious example, they lay stress tism as embodied in the saying “everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country.”, the populist ideas that “people are the foundation of the country.” and that “the people are more important than the monarch” and the code of conduct of “don’t do to others what you don’t want others to do to you”.(3)從某種意義上說(shuō)，漢語(yǔ)是一種很古老的語(yǔ)言，其最早的漢字已有近四千年的歷史了。漢字在其漫長(zhǎng)的發(fā)展史中演化成許多不同的書(shū)寫(xiě)形式，例如篆書(shū)、隸書(shū)、楷書(shū)和行書(shū)。中國(guó)書(shū)法家往往使?jié)h字的字形夸張以取得藝術(shù)效果，例如旅游勝地的一些石刻碑文。中國(guó)書(shū)法是一門(mén)研究藝術(shù)，隨著各位學(xué)習(xí)興趣的提高，我們將適時(shí)介紹中國(guó)書(shū)法的流派，以及如何欣賞中國(guó)書(shū)法的藝術(shù)性。【翻譯詞匯】

從某種意義上說(shuō) in a sense 漢字 chinese character 演化 evolve 書(shū)寫(xiě)形式 script form 篆書(shū) seal script 隸書(shū) clerical script 楷書(shū) regular script 行書(shū) running script 書(shū)法家 calligrapher 致使 render 取得 yield 旅游勝地 tourist resort 石刻碑文 stone inscription 適時(shí) in due time 欣賞 appreciate 【精彩譯文】in a sense, chinese is a very old language, and its earliest characters date back nearly four thousand years their long history of development, chinese characters have evolved into many different script forms, such as the seal script, clerical script, regular script and running e calligraphers usually render their chinese characters in ways that exaggerate the form to yield artistic beauty, such as those in stone inscriptions seen in tourist e calligraphy is a subject of artistic your interest in chinese character system increases in the days to come, we will introduce in due time the different schools of chinese calligraphy, and how to appreciate the artistic beauty of chinese calligraphy.(4)中國(guó)的官方語(yǔ)言普通話(huà)在美國(guó)的學(xué)校中突然熱起來(lái)。由于中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在21世紀(jì)的快速發(fā)展，美國(guó)的公立和私立學(xué)校紛紛在外語(yǔ)課程中加入漢語(yǔ)這一科目，或?qū)⒁延械臐h語(yǔ)教學(xué)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，在美國(guó)的學(xué)校中，有5萬(wàn)名孩子在學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)。但推動(dòng)漢語(yǔ)項(xiàng)目的發(fā)展不是沒(méi)有遇到困難。由于缺乏受過(guò)專(zhuān)業(yè)訓(xùn)練、持有證書(shū)的教師，一些學(xué)校很難加入漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。當(dāng)學(xué)校聘用教師時(shí)，它們通常直接從中國(guó)招聘，這種方式為文化沖突埋下了隱患?！痉g詞匯】

官方語(yǔ)言 official language 普通話(huà) mandarin 快速的 rapid 課程 curriculum(ula)已有的 in place 缺乏 shortage 受過(guò)專(zhuān)業(yè)訓(xùn)練 professionally trained 證書(shū) certificate 招聘 recruit 文化沖突 culture clash 【精彩譯文】mandarin, the official language of china, is suddenly hot in american the rapid development of china’s economy in the 21th century, both public and private schools in america are scrambling to add mandarin to their curricula of foreign languages or expanding chinese language programs already in some estimates, as many as 50 000 children nationwide are taking mandarin in american develop chinese-language programs has met some difficulties.a shortage of professionally trained teachers with certificates has made it difficult for some schools to join the schools need to employ teachers, they often recruit them from china directly, which is a hidden trouble for culture clash.(5)近十年來(lái)出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)值得深思的現(xiàn)象，人們?cè)絹?lái)越關(guān)注中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)文化，書(shū)架上擺滿(mǎn)了詮釋中國(guó)古老智慧、講述中華燦爛歷史和傳奇人物的書(shū)籍。有些人甚至建議，將國(guó)學(xué)典籍列為學(xué)校必修課程。人們興趣高漲的原因主要有兩方面。首先，那些百年甚至千年未決的歷史懸案勾起了人們極大的好奇心。再者，人們逐漸意識(shí)到，古老的中華文化是一座取之不盡的金礦，從中可以發(fā)掘很多經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)以應(yīng)用到實(shí)踐中來(lái)解決現(xiàn)在的問(wèn)題?！痉g詞匯】

值得深思的 intriguing 擺滿(mǎn) be packed with 詮釋 interpret 講述 depict 燦爛歷史 brilliant history 傳奇人物 fascinating historic figure 國(guó)學(xué)典籍 chinese classics 必修課程 compulsory course 歷史懸案 pending history mystery 再者 furthermore 金礦 gold mine 將…應(yīng)用到實(shí)踐中 put...into practice 【精彩譯文】the last decade has witnessed an intriguing phenomenon that people are paying more and more attention to traditional chinese bookshelves are packed with books interpreting ancient chinese wisdom, depicting its brilliant history and fascinating historic ’s more, suggestions that chinese classics be made a compulsory course have been factors may account for people’s up-surging begin with, tremendous curiosity is aroused by those pending history mysteries of hundreds or even thousands of rmore, people come to realise that ancient chinese culture serves as a gold mine from which inexhaustible lessons can be learned and put into practice to solve the current problems.（6）

中醫(yī)是中華文化不可分割的一部分，為振興華夏作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。如今，中醫(yī)和西醫(yī)在中國(guó)的醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域并駕齊驅(qū)。中醫(yī)以其獨(dú)特的診斷手法、系統(tǒng)的治療方式和豐富的典籍材料備受世界矚目。中國(guó)的中醫(yī)事業(yè)由國(guó)家中醫(yī)藥管理局負(fù)責(zé)?，F(xiàn)在國(guó)家已經(jīng)出臺(tái)了管理中醫(yī)的政策、法令和法規(guī)，引導(dǎo)并促進(jìn)這個(gè)新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的研究和開(kāi)發(fā)。在定義上，中醫(yī)是指導(dǎo)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥理論和實(shí)踐的一種醫(yī)學(xué)，它包括中草藥、針灸、推拿、氣功和食療?！痉g詞匯】

中醫(yī) traditional chinese medicine(tcm)不可分割的 integral 華夏 china 診斷手法 diagnostic method 系統(tǒng)的 systematic 治療方式 cure approach 豐富的 abundant 國(guó)家中醫(yī)藥管理局 state administration of tcm and pharmacology 由…負(fù)責(zé) under the adminstration of 管理 govern 新興產(chǎn)業(yè) promising industry 在定義上 by definition 中草藥 herbal medicine 針灸 acupuncture 推拿 tuina 氣功 qigong 食療 dietary therapy 【精彩譯文】traditional chinese medicine(tcm)is an integral part of chinese has made great contributions to the prosperity of both tcm and western medicine are being used in providing medical and health services in , with its unique diagnostic methods, systematic cure approaches, abundant historical literature and materials, has attracted a lot of attention from the international china, tcm is under the administration of state administration of tcm and al strategies, laws and regulations governing tcm are now in place to guide and promote the research and development in this promising definition, tcm is a medical science governing the theory and practice of traditional chinese includes herbal medicine, acupuncture, tuina, qigong and dietary therapy.(7)“七夕節(jié)”，農(nóng)歷七月七日，是一個(gè)充滿(mǎn)浪漫色彩的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，是慶祝牛郎和織女一年一度相會(huì)的日子。他們的愛(ài)情不被允許，因此他們被驅(qū)逐而分隔于銀河兩岸。每年的農(nóng)歷七月七日，喜鵲會(huì)來(lái)搭橋使這對(duì)情侶來(lái)相會(huì)。如今，一些傳統(tǒng)的中國(guó)風(fēng)俗仍在農(nóng)村奉行，在城市卻已經(jīng)削弱。然而，牛郎和織女的傳說(shuō)已經(jīng)深入人心。近些年來(lái)，尤其是城市的年輕人把它當(dāng)作中國(guó)的情人節(jié)來(lái)慶祝。因此，花店、酒吧和商店的老板非常高興，因?yàn)樗麄兛梢再u(mài)出更多的商品?！痉g詞匯】

七夕節(jié) the double seventh festival 浪漫色彩 romance 牛郎 niu lang(cowherd)織女 zhi nü(weaver maid)一年一度 annual 驅(qū)逐 banish 銀河 the milky way 喜鵲 magpie 使相會(huì) reunite 奉行 observe 削弱 weaken 情人節(jié) valentine’s day 商品 commodity 【精彩譯文】the double seventh festival, on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month, is a traditional festival full of celebrates the annual meeting of niu lang(cowherd)and zhi nü(weaver maid).their love was not allowed, and thus they were banished to opposite sides of the milky a year, on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month, a flock of magpies would form a bridge to reunite the lovers for one some traditional customs are still observed in rural areas of china, but have been weakened in urban r, the legend of the cowhand and weaver maid has taken root in the hearts of recent years, in particular, urban youths have celebrated it as valentine’s day in a result, owners of flower shops, bars and stores are full of joy as they can sell more commodities.（8）

每年農(nóng)歷的正月十五日，迎來(lái)的是中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日——元宵節(jié)。元宵節(jié)主要的活動(dòng)就是看燈。漢朝時(shí)期，佛教盛行。明帝聽(tīng)說(shuō)佛教有正月十五日僧人觀佛舍利點(diǎn)燈敬佛的做法，就命令這一天夜晚在皇宮和寺廟里點(diǎn)燈敬佛。以后這種佛教禮儀逐漸形成民間盛大的節(jié)日。各式各樣美麗的花燈在這一天都會(huì)被懸掛,從而吸引了無(wú)數(shù)游客。猜燈謎也是元宵節(jié)的一項(xiàng)重要活動(dòng)，花燈的主人會(huì)將謎面寫(xiě)在紙上，然后貼在燈籠上，將燈籠掛在門(mén)口。如果有人可以猜中，就能得到小小的禮物。【翻譯詞匯】

看燈 watching lanterns 漢朝 the han dynasty 佛教 buddhism 明帝 emperor ming 敬佛 worship buddha 皇宮 imperial palace 禮儀 ritual 盛大的 grand 無(wú)數(shù)的 countless 猜燈謎 guessing lantern riddles 貼 paste 【精彩譯文】the lantern festival falls on the 15th day of the 1st lunar ng lanterns is this day’s important hout the han dynasty, buddhism flourished in r ming heard that buddhist monks would watch sarira and light lanterns to worship buddha on the 15th day of the 1st lunar ore, he commanded to light lanterns in the imperial palace and temples to show respect to buddha on this , the buddhist ritual developed into a grand festival among common ns of various shapes and sizes are hung in the streets, attracting countless visitors.“guessing lantern riddles” is an essential part of the n owners write riddles on pieces of paper and paste them on the visitors have got solutions to the riddles, they will obtain a little gift.（9）

農(nóng)歷八月十五日是中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日——中秋節(jié)。在這天，每個(gè)家庭都團(tuán)聚在一起，一家人共同觀賞象征豐裕、和諧和好運(yùn)的圓月。此時(shí)，大人們盡情吃著美味的月餅，品著熱騰騰的香茗，而孩子們則在一旁拉著明亮的兔子燈盡情玩耍。月宮里美麗的仙女嫦娥的神話(huà)故事賦予了這個(gè)節(jié)日神話(huà)色彩。傳說(shuō)古時(shí)候，天空曾有10個(gè)太陽(yáng)圍著地球旋轉(zhuǎn)。后翌射下了其中9個(gè)太陽(yáng)，拯救了地球上的生靈。他偷了長(zhǎng)生不老藥，卻被妻子嫦娥偷偷喝下，從而產(chǎn)生了嫦娥奔月的故事?！痉g詞匯】

中秋節(jié) the mid-autumn festival 團(tuán)聚 congregate 豐裕 abundance 和諧 harmony 盡情吃著 indulge in 月餅 mooncake 嫦娥 chang-e 賦予 endow...with...神話(huà)色彩 mythological flavour 圍繞…旋轉(zhuǎn) circle(over)長(zhǎng)生不老藥 the elixir of life 產(chǎn)生 come into being 【精彩譯文】the mid-autumn festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar is a time for family members to congregate and enjoy the full moon, which is a symbol of abundance, harmony and usually indulge in fragrant mooncakes of various kinds with a good cup of hot chinese tea, while the children run around with their brightly-lit rabbit festival was endowed a mythological flavour with legends of chang-e, the beautiful lady in the ing to chinese mythology, the earth once had 10 suns circling over yi, shot down 9 of the suns to save all the lives on stole the elixir of life, which can make people r, his wife, chang-e drank the legend of chang-e flying into the moon came into being.（10）

每年4月4日到6日左右的清明節(jié)是傳統(tǒng)的掃墓的日子。在這一天，人們祭悼去世的親人，到先人的墳頭上掃墓。唐朝著名詩(shī)人杜牧有一首著名的詩(shī)，描述了四月初令人傷感的一幕場(chǎng)景：“清明時(shí)節(jié)雨紛紛，路上行人欲斷魂?！迸c清明節(jié)掃墓的悲哀相反，人們?cè)谶@個(gè)日子懷揣著春的希望。清明時(shí)節(jié)，陽(yáng)光明媚，樹(shù)木和小草吐綠，大自然生機(jī)盎然。從古代起，人們就去春游。清明時(shí)節(jié)，游客遍地。如今，清明節(jié)是中國(guó)大陸的法定假日?！痉g詞匯】

清明節(jié) the qingming festival 掃墓 tomb-sweeping 去世 depart 唐朝 the tang dynasty 杜牧 du mu 清明時(shí)節(jié)雨紛紛，路上行人欲斷魂。rains fall heavily as qingming comes, and passers-by with lowered spirits go.與…相反 in contrast to 春游 spring outing 中國(guó)大陸 mainland china 法定假日 statutory public holiday 【精彩譯文】the qingming festival, the traditional tomb-sweeping day, falls on april 4-6 each is a time for remembering loved ones who visit their ancestors’ graves to sweep away the dirt.a well-known poem by the tang dynasty du mu tells of a sad scene in early april: “rains fall heavily as qingming comes, and passers-by with lowered spirits go.” in contrast to the sadness of the tomb-sweeping, people also enjoy hope of spring on this qingming festival is a time when the sun shines brightly, the trees and grass become green and nature is again ancient times, people have followed the custom of spring this time tourists are , the qingming festival is a statutory public holiday in mainland china.（11）

端午節(jié)可以追溯到公元前227年的戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)代。這個(gè)節(jié)日是為了紀(jì)念楚國(guó)的大夫屈原，他因?yàn)閷?duì)朝廷的貪污腐敗感到絕望而投河自盡。鎮(zhèn)上的人紛紛沖上船去救他，卻沒(méi)有成功。后來(lái)大家把米撒到水里，希望把饑餓的魚(yú)群從他的軀體邊引開(kāi)。多年以后，屈原逝世的故事逐漸演變成賽龍舟和吃粽子(一種包在竹葉中的米食)的傳統(tǒng)。2009年，端午節(jié)被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織宣布為非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)?！痉g詞匯】

端午節(jié) the dragon boat festival 追溯到 date back to 戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)代 the warring states period 紀(jì)念 commemorate 大夫minister 因…感到絕望 despair over 沒(méi)有成功 in vain 撒 scatter 引開(kāi) distract 演變成transform into 賽龍舟 race dragon boats 吃粽子 zongzi—a kind of rice wrapped in bamboo leaves 聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織 united nations’ educational, scientific and cultural organization(unesco)宣布 proclaim 非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn) intangible cultural heritage 【精彩譯文】the dragon boat festival can date back to the warring states period in 227 festival commemorates qu yuan, a minister in the service of the chu ring over corruption at court, qu threw himself into a eople jumped into their boats and tried in vain to save , hoping to distract hungry fish from his body, the people scattered rice into the the years, the story of qu’s death transformed into the traditions of racing dragon boats and eating zongzi—a kind of rice wrapped in bamboo chinese dragon boat festival was proclaimed an intangible cultural heritage by the united nations’ educational, scientific and cultural organization(unesco)in 2009.（12）

遠(yuǎn)在文字出現(xiàn)之前，歌謠跟口頭流傳的神話(huà)就已大量產(chǎn)生。中國(guó)的文學(xué)正是開(kāi)始于此。不過(guò)，歌謠本是人們?cè)谏钪须S興而發(fā)的東西，上古時(shí)代也沒(méi)有保存和記載它們的方式，因此也就很快湮滅，不留痕跡。如今，我們只能從一些古書(shū)中推斷它們的存在。古書(shū)中記載了一些年代非常久遠(yuǎn)的歌謠，但是大多出于后人的偽托，能夠斷定出處的歌謠要到《詩(shī)經(jīng)》里才能看見(jiàn)。從這點(diǎn)來(lái)看，古代神話(huà)對(duì)中國(guó)文學(xué)的影響更為顯著?！痉g詞匯】 歌謠 ballad 隨興而發(fā) improvise 痕跡 trace 推斷 deduce 年代非常久遠(yuǎn)的 time-honored 偽托 derivative 《詩(shī)經(jīng)》 the book of songs 【精彩譯文】long before the emergence of the written word, ballads and myths, passed around by word of mouth, were widely e literature finds its origins in these r, ballads were what people improvised out of daily life, and due to lack of means to record and preserve them in ancient times, they quickly disappeared without leaving much of a , we can only deduce their existence from ancient books, which recorded some time-honored ballads, though most of these are believed to be derivatives of later s in the book of songs are the earliest writings that can be this point of view, ancient mythology has had a greater influence on chinese literature.（13）

《紅樓夢(mèng)》由曹雪芹和高鶚?biāo)?。小說(shuō)以賈氏家族為故事核心，描述了賈家從一個(gè)富裕、有權(quán)有勢(shì)的家族淪落為破落家庭的過(guò)程。小說(shuō)成功塑造了100多個(gè)經(jīng)典人物，他們分屬于清朝的不同階層?！都t樓夢(mèng)》對(duì)中國(guó)的封建社會(huì)有深刻的描繪,如果要了解中國(guó)人復(fù)雜的價(jià)值觀,最好先能讀懂《紅樓夢(mèng)》。毛主席評(píng)價(jià)道：“《紅樓夢(mèng)》不僅是愛(ài)情故事，也是歷史故事，因?yàn)樗枋隽朔饨〞r(shí)代的興敗。” 【翻譯詞匯】

《紅樓夢(mèng)》 a dream of red mansions 由…所著 be attributed to 家族 clan 富裕 affluent 權(quán)勢(shì) prestige 淪落為 descend to 塑造 portray 階層 rank 封建社會(huì) feudal society 復(fù)雜 complexity 【精彩譯文】a dream of red mansions is attributed to cao xueqin and author chose jia clan as the focus, depicting how an affluent and influential family with prestige lost its favor and descended to the novel, about 100 classic characters are successfully characters concern people of all ranks in the qing dynasty.a dream of red mansions is a remarkable story about chinese feudal understand chinese values in all its complexity, one can do no better than to read a dream of red mansions.“it is not only a love story, but also a history story, because it describes the success and failure of the feudal period,” said chairman mao.（14）

京劇被奉為中國(guó)的國(guó)粹，來(lái)源于18世紀(jì)晚期的安徽和湖北的當(dāng)?shù)貏》N。京劇是中國(guó)所有劇種中最有影響力和代表性的，在中國(guó)乃至世界享有聲譽(yù)。京劇完美融合了多種藝術(shù)形式。京劇集傳統(tǒng)音樂(lè)、舞蹈、詩(shī)歌、雜耍、武術(shù)于一身，以華麗的戲服、逼真的臉譜和程式化的演出套路而聞名。京劇臉譜上每一種圖形和亮麗的顏色都有象征意義：紅色表示忠誠(chéng)，藍(lán)色表示殘暴，黑色表示正直?！痉g詞匯】 京劇 peking opera 國(guó)粹 national opera 有代表性的 representative 完美融合 harmonious combination 雜耍 acrobatics 武術(shù) martial arts 華麗的戲服 exquisite costume 臉譜 make-up or painted face 象征的 symbolic 忠誠(chéng) loyalty 殘暴 cruelty 正直 honesty 【精彩譯文】known as china’s national opera, peking opera originated in the late 18th century from the basis of some local operas in anhui and hubei opera is the most influential and representative of all operas in has won great popularity not only in china but also throughout the opera is a harmonious combination of many art is a synthesis of traditional music, dancing, poetry, acrobatics and martial is famous for its exquisite costumes, beautiful make-up or painted face, and established performing conventions and of patterns and brilliant colors on the painted face has a symbolic meaning: red suggests loyalty;blue suggests cruelty;black suggests honesty.（15）

中國(guó)人使用筷子已經(jīng)有3 000多年的歷史了。中國(guó)的筷子夾菜的一端是圓的，象征著天；另一端是方的，象征著地。這是因?yàn)?，維持充足的食物供應(yīng)是天地之間最重要的事情。中國(guó)有個(gè)古老的風(fēng)俗，女子出嫁時(shí)要用筷子當(dāng)嫁妝，因?yàn)椤翱曜印迸c“快子”諧音。根據(jù)中國(guó)的餐桌禮儀，吃飯時(shí)一直握著筷子是不禮貌的。將菜送入口中后，應(yīng)立刻把筷子放下。吃飯時(shí)，用筷子指著別人會(huì)對(duì)其造成冒犯?！痉g詞匯】 筷子 chopsticks 維持 maintain 充足的 adequate 嫁妝 dowry 諧音 be pronounced the same as 餐桌禮儀 table manners 不禮貌的 impolite 冒犯 offend 【精彩譯文】there has been a history of more than 3 000 years for the chinese to have meals with e chopsticks are round on the eating end which symbolizes the heaven, and the other end is square which symbolizes the is because maintaining an adequate food supply is the greatest concern between the heaven and the is an old custom in the past in china, that chopsticks should be a part of a girl’s (chopsticks)is pronounced the same as “kuai zi”.the latter symbolized “quick” and “son”.according to the chinese traditional table manners, it is impolite to hold the chopsticks all the time over the soon as one person sends a bite into his mouth, he should put down the would offend others to point at them with chopsticks over the meal.（16）

中國(guó)位于亞洲東部，是世界上人口最多的國(guó)家。中國(guó)是世界四大文明古國(guó)之一，擁有大量的中華文化光輝的古跡，此外，中國(guó)地大物博，擁有茂密的森林、雄偉壯麗的瀑布、秀麗的湖泊以及如利劍直插云霄的山峰，所有這些都令世界各國(guó)人民神往。但是，更重要的是，中國(guó)以擁有五千多年的歷史而自豪，遺留下無(wú)數(shù)的歷史文物，其中包括珍貴珠寶、古跡名勝、宮殿及數(shù)不盡的雄偉建筑，令人驚嘆不已。這種種原因都促使中國(guó)成為許多人夢(mèng)寐以求的旅游勝地。【翻譯詞匯】

四大文明古國(guó) the four countries that have an ancient civilization 地大物博

vast territory with abundant natural resources 雄偉壯麗的瀑布 magnificent waterfalls 秀麗的 majestic and beautiful 利劍 sword 古跡 historical remains 以…而自豪 boast 無(wú)數(shù)的 innumerable 歷史文物 historical relics 古跡名勝 historic sites and scenic spots 建筑 edifice 【精彩譯文】china lies in the east of asia and it has the largest population in the is also one of the four countries in the world that have an ancient civilization, besides, it has a vast territory with such abundant natural resources as dense forests, magnificent waterfalls, majestic and beautiful rivers and lakes, and mountains whose peaks reach high into the sky like these make china a singularly attractive place to tourists around the , most importantly, china boasts a history of over five thousand years with innumerable historical relics left over from the long past, such as priceless pearls and jewels, historic sites and scenic spots, palaces and edifices of architectural richness, all of which have won people’s are sure to find great enjoyment from all these attractions in china, a much-admired dream land.（17）

故宮，又名紫禁城，為明清共二十四位皇帝統(tǒng)治中國(guó)近500年的皇宮。它位于北京市中心，在天安門(mén)廣場(chǎng)的北側(cè)，形狀為長(zhǎng)方形。南北長(zhǎng)960米，東西寬750米，占地72公頃，總建筑面積達(dá)15萬(wàn)平方米。故宮是世界上現(xiàn)存規(guī)模最大、最完整的古代木構(gòu)宮殿。它分為外朝和內(nèi)廷兩部分，外朝是皇帝上朝處理國(guó)家大事的地方，內(nèi)廷是皇帝和皇室的居住地。1987年，故宮被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列入世界文化遺產(chǎn)。【翻譯詞匯】

故宮 the imperial palace 紫禁城 the forbidden city 天安門(mén)廣場(chǎng) tian’anmen square 長(zhǎng)方形 rectangular 建筑面積 floor space 現(xiàn)存 in existence 上朝 give audience 處理 handle 世界文化遺產(chǎn) world cultural heritage 【精彩譯文】the imperial palace, also called the forbidden city was the palace where the 24 emperors of the ming and qing dynasties ruled china for roughly 500 imperial palace is located in the center of beijing, on the northern side of tian’anmen square, rectangular in shape, 960 meters from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, with an area of 72 hectares and a total floor space of 150 000 square ’s the world’s largest and most integral palace made of wood in forbidden city is spanided into two parts: the outer court and the inner outer court was the place where the emperors gave audience and handled state affairs, while the inner court was the living quarters for the emperors and their 1987 the imperial palace was listed by the unesco as one of the world cultural heritage sites.（18）

天津市古文化街于1986年元旦建成開(kāi)業(yè)，全長(zhǎng)687米，為模仿清民間建筑風(fēng)格。它坐落在南開(kāi)區(qū)海河西岸，是一條商業(yè)步行街，值得一看。再者，古文化街是天津市的發(fā)祥地，也是天津最早的文化、宗教和商業(yè)中心。天后宮（即著名的媽祖廟）就在這條街的中心。這條街上出售古玩、古舊書(shū)籍、傳統(tǒng)手工藝制品和民俗用品。天津的民間藝術(shù)品楊柳青年畫(huà)、泥人張彩塑、風(fēng)箏魏風(fēng)箏、劉氏磚刻在此也都設(shè)有專(zhuān)店。這里還有風(fēng)味小吃，如茶湯、鍋巴菜、耳朵眼炸糕?！痉g詞匯】

古文化街 the ancient culture street 模仿 imitate 商業(yè)步行街 commercial pedestrian street 天津市的發(fā)祥地 the cradle of tianjin 天后宮 tianhou temple 媽祖廟 mazu temple 古玩 antique 手工藝制品 handicraft 民俗用品 folk product 楊柳青年畫(huà) yangliuqing new year painting 泥人張彩塑 niren zhang’s colour-clay figurine 劉氏磚刻liu carving 風(fēng)味小吃 snack 茶湯 chatang soup 鍋巴菜 guobacai 耳朵眼炸糕 earhole fried cake 【精彩譯文】opened on new year’ day in 1986, the ancient culture street in tianjin city is 687 meters long, with its architecture imitating the folk style of the qing d on the west bank of haihe river in nankai district, it is a commercial pedestrian street which is worth rmore, this street is known as the cradle of tianjin, and is the first cultural, religious and business centre of the its centre is the famous tianhou(heavenly queen)temple, more popularly known as es, ancient books, traditional handicrafts and folk products are sold onally, the traditional folk-art yangliuqing new year paintings, niren zhang’s colour-clay figurines, wei kites and liu carvings all have their shops are also local snacks such as chatang soup, guobacai, earhole fried cake, etc.（19）

天津熱帶植物觀光園，坐落在中國(guó)晚香玉之鄉(xiāng)，華北地區(qū)最大的花卉集散地曹莊花卉市場(chǎng)旁。由中北鎮(zhèn)政府投資2.6億元建成，占地面積500畝，建筑面積40 000平方米。其集觀賞、娛樂(lè)、休閑、購(gòu)物、科普教育于一體，堪稱(chēng)亞洲地區(qū)最大室內(nèi)植物園，可與英國(guó)“伊甸園”相媲美，是天津壯觀的新景區(qū)，被人們稱(chēng)為北方的“西雙版納”?！痉g詞匯】

天津熱帶植物觀光園 tianjin tropical botanical touring garden 中國(guó)晚香玉之鄉(xiāng) the tuberose village of china 集散地 distributing center 投資 investment 集…于一體 integrate...into...觀賞 sightseeing 娛樂(lè) recreation 休閑 relaxing 科普 science popularizing 伊甸園 eden 壯觀的 spectacular 【精彩譯文】tianjin tropical botanical touring garden, situated at“the tuberose village of china”, locates beside caozhuang flower market, which is the largest flower distributing center in the north of total investment of the garden is 260 million garden unfolds over 500 mu and the architectural area is 40 000 square integrates sightseeing, recreation, relaxing, shopping, science garden is by far the largest greenhouse in asia, which can be compared to the eden in is a recently spectacular scenic spot in regard it as “xishuangbanna” of china north.（20）

三峽，是萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)江一段風(fēng)景壯麗的大峽谷，為中國(guó)十大風(fēng)景名勝之一。它西起四川省奉節(jié)縣的白帝城，向東延伸至湖北省宜昌市的南津關(guān)，由瞿塘峽、巫峽、西陵峽組成，全長(zhǎng)192公里。長(zhǎng)江三峽，無(wú)限風(fēng)光。瞿塘峽的雄偉，巫峽的秀麗，西陵峽的險(xiǎn)峻，還有三段峽谷的大寧河、香溪、神農(nóng)溪的古樸，并伴隨著許多美麗的神話(huà)和動(dòng)人的傳說(shuō)，令人心馳神往。【翻譯詞匯】 三峽 the yangtze river’s three gorges 壯麗 splendid 延伸 extend 白帝城 white king town 由…組成 consist of 瞿塘峽 qutang gorge 巫峽 wu gorge 西陵峽 xiling gorge 險(xiǎn)峻 perilousness 古樸 primitive simplicity 神話(huà) fairy tale 動(dòng)人的 moving 【精彩譯文】the yangtze river’s three gorges is a great valley with the most splendid landscape on the yangtze(changjiang)river and also one of the ten most famous scenic sites of extends from white king town in fengjie county, sichuan province, to nanjin pass in yichang, hubei province, and consists of qutang gorge, wu gorge and xiling gorge, with a full length of 192 yangtze river’s three gorges presents a scene of boundless varieties with the magnificence of qutang gorge, the elegance of wu gorge, the perilousness of xiling gorge as well as the primitive simplicity of daning, xiang and shennong what’s more, each scene is related to a wonderful fairy tale or a moving legend which attract people.（21）

絲綢之路是歷史上連接中國(guó)和地中海的一條重要貿(mào)易路線(xiàn)。因?yàn)檫@條路上的絲綢貿(mào)易占多數(shù)，故而在1877年被德國(guó)的一位杰出的地理學(xué)家命名為“絲綢之路”。同時(shí)，絲綢之路也是其他許多商品進(jìn)行交易的主干線(xiàn)，也是傳播技術(shù)的一條主要通道。通過(guò)絲綢之路傳入中國(guó)的事物中意義最為重大的當(dāng)屬佛教。中國(guó)的養(yǎng)蠶技術(shù)、生鐵鍛造技術(shù)和灌溉技術(shù)曾通過(guò)絲綢之路傳播到中亞、南亞和歐洲?！痉g詞匯】

絲綢之路 the silk route 地中海 the mediterranean 杰出的 eminent 地理學(xué)家 geographer 交易 exchange 主干線(xiàn) artery 養(yǎng)蠶 silkworm breeding 生鐵鍛造 iron smelting 灌溉 irrigation 【精彩譯文】the silk route is an important international trade route between china and the mediterranean in silk accounted for a large proportion of trade along this route, in 1877, it was named the silk route by an eminent german the meantime, this route served as an artery of exchange for many other products, and more importantly, their of the most significant objects introduced to china via the silk route is e techniques of silkworm breeding, iron smelting and irrigation spread to central and southern asia and to europe.（22）

在大家庭里，老一輩人的意見(jiàn)受到尊重，小一輩人得到全家的呵護(hù)。中國(guó)憲法規(guī)定贍養(yǎng)父母是成年子女義不容辭的責(zé)任。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年輕夫婦給老人提供生活費(fèi)并幫助他們干家務(wù)活兒。在農(nóng)村，盡管大家庭解體了，許多結(jié)了婚的兒子和他的家人還和父母住在同一個(gè)院子里。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，分家不過(guò)是分灶而已。結(jié)了婚的兒子往往把房子蓋在父母家附近，這樣父母和子女互相幫助、探望都和過(guò)去一樣方便?！痉g詞匯】

大家庭 extended family 憲法 constitution 規(guī)定 stipulate 義不容辭的責(zé)任 duty-bound 生活費(fèi) living allowance 家務(wù)活 chore 解體 dissolve 分家 breaking up the extended family 分灶 cook their meals separately 【精彩譯文】in extended families, the older members’ opinions are respected, and the youngest members are loved and taken good care of by ’s constitution stipulates that grown-up children are duty-bound to support their the cities, couples who do not live with their aged parents offer them living allowances and help them with the the countryside, though quite a number of extended families have dissolved, many married sons and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with their them, breaking up the extended family means only cooking their meals often they have their houses built near their parents’ home, making it convenient for parents and children to help and visit each other as before.（23）

中國(guó)有一句俗語(yǔ)叫做“不孝有三，無(wú)后為大”。但現(xiàn)在，很多時(shí)尚的年輕夫婦選擇不生育孩子的生活方式，組建了丁克家庭。很多夫妻擔(dān)心無(wú)法給孩子提供優(yōu)越的生活條件，選擇成為丁克家庭?，F(xiàn)在，孩子的教育費(fèi)用比過(guò)去高很多。在大城市，送孩子上好一點(diǎn)的幼兒園要花費(fèi)巨資，重點(diǎn)中小學(xué)的學(xué)費(fèi)更高。還有一些夫妻成為丁克家庭是迫不得已。當(dāng)他們做好準(zhǔn)備生育孩子時(shí)，已經(jīng)錯(cuò)過(guò)了最佳生育年齡?！痉g詞匯】

不孝有三，無(wú)后為大。there are three forms of unfilial conduct, of which the worst is to have no descendants.時(shí)尚的 fashionable 生活方式 lifestyle 丁克家庭 dink family 擔(dān)心 fearful 優(yōu)越的 favourable 重點(diǎn)中小學(xué) the key primary or secondary school 迫不得已 be obliged to do sth.做好準(zhǔn)備 make preparations for 【精彩譯文】a popular saying has it that “there are three forms of unfilial conduct, of which the worst is to have no descendants.”but now, it is quite fashionable for many young couples to choose a lifestyle without kids and organize the dink couples who choose dink family are fearful that they cannot provide favourable living conditions for ys, the cost of educating a child is much higher than that of the a big city, to send a child to a better kindergarten takes a large amount of money and the key primary or secondary schools are even more couples who have chosen dink family are obliged to do they make preparations for having a baby, it is a pity that they have missed the most fertile years.（24）

空巢家庭是近年來(lái)出現(xiàn)的一種新型的家庭結(jié)構(gòu)。子女們沒(méi)有和雙親住在一個(gè)地方，所以他們不能照料父母。并且他們中很多不斷搬來(lái)搬去，一些甚至住到國(guó)外，這就更難以照料到雙親了。居住于這種家庭的老人被稱(chēng)為空巢老人。隨著老齡化人口的迅速增長(zhǎng)，中國(guó)面臨著如何照顧空巢老人的挑戰(zhàn)。國(guó)家出臺(tái)了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于允許老年人因子女忽視對(duì)其贍養(yǎng)而控告子女的新法規(guī)，督促子女盡到照顧老人的義務(wù)。【翻譯詞匯】 空巢 empty nest 出現(xiàn) emerge 不斷 constantly 國(guó)外 overseas 居住 reside 空巢老人 empty nester 挑戰(zhàn) challenge 老年人 senior 忽視 neglect 控告 take...to court 盡到…義務(wù) fulfill the obligations to do sth.【精彩譯文】empty nest is a new kind of family structure that has emerged in recent en do not stay in the same place so they cannot look after their ’s mone, many move around constantly, and some are even overseas, which is making it even harder to look after the aged who reside in this kind of family are called empty the rapid expansion of the aging population, china faces challenges in looking after empty china, in order to make the children fulfill the obligations to look after their parents, a new law allows seniors to take their children to court for neglect.（25）

如今在中國(guó)“啃老族”的現(xiàn)象受到了人們廣泛的關(guān)注?！翱欣献濉敝改切](méi)上學(xué)、沒(méi)參加工作，也沒(méi)參加考試培訓(xùn)的年輕人，他們?cè)诩掖龢I(yè)靠父母養(yǎng)活?！翱欣献濉毙纬傻脑蛑饕袃煞矫?。一是自1999年大學(xué)擴(kuò)招開(kāi)始，越來(lái)越多的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生涌入就業(yè)市場(chǎng)，但一部分畢業(yè)生并未準(zhǔn)備充分，因此失業(yè)在家。另一方面，有些年輕人是家里的獨(dú)生子女，從小嬌生慣養(yǎng)，因此他們雖然長(zhǎng)大成人，但心理上卻依然依賴(lài)父母?！痉g詞匯】 啃老族 neet 參加 engage in 大學(xué)擴(kuò)招 the expansion of university enrollment 涌入 pour into 就業(yè)市場(chǎng) job-hunting market 嬌生慣養(yǎng) spoil 心理上 psychologically 依賴(lài) be dependent on 【精彩譯文】now in china the problem of “neet” has been brought into public refers to the group of young people who do not currently receive education, engage in employment or training and they just stay at home, relying on their parents to support are mainly two reasons for this one thing, since the expansion of university enrollment in 1999, an increasing number of college graduates have poured into job-hunting r, some of them are not fully prepared and thus become another, some young people are the only children of their family and badly a result, they are psychologically dependent on their parents even when they are grown-ups.（26）

如今，許多大學(xué)畢業(yè)生紛紛報(bào)考公務(wù)員職位。為什么大學(xué)畢業(yè)生們?nèi)绱绥娗楣珓?wù)員這個(gè)飯碗？我們不能否認(rèn)有部分應(yīng)試者的確是抱著服務(wù)人民、服務(wù)祖國(guó)的夢(mèng)想來(lái)報(bào)考的。但是我們也注意到另外一個(gè)現(xiàn)象，有的熱門(mén)職位，如海關(guān)官員，有上千應(yīng)試者爭(zhēng)報(bào)，也有很多收入低的職位無(wú)人問(wèn)津。這種現(xiàn)象告訴我們不少人報(bào)考公務(wù)員只是出于自身利益考慮。我們的政府所需要的是受過(guò)良好教育的年輕人自愿為國(guó)效力，而不是只顧自我的利益?！痉g詞匯】 報(bào)考 apply for 公務(wù)員 civil servant 否認(rèn) deny 應(yīng)試者 candidate 服務(wù)人民、服務(wù)祖國(guó) serve their people and motherland熱門(mén)職位 coveted position 海關(guān)官員 customs officer 收入低的 low-paid 受過(guò)良好教育的 well-educated 【精彩譯文】nowadays, many graduates apply for the jobs of civil makes the position of civil servant so popular among college graduates? we cannot deny that a certain amount of candidates want to serve their people and we also note the phenomenon that when thousands of candidates are competing for the coveted position like the post of customs officer, there are also neglected low-paid phenomenon tells us that some students choose to work for the government with an eye on government needs well-educated young men to serve the country voluntarily instead of caring about their own interest only.（27）

從2008年開(kāi)始，法定假日模式發(fā)生了變化：過(guò)去為期7天的五一勞動(dòng)節(jié)已縮短為3天，設(shè)立了一些新的、為期三天的假期，諸如清明節(jié)、端午節(jié)和中秋節(jié)等。這種變化已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)全國(guó)性的熱門(mén)話(huà)題。對(duì)這一變化，大家見(jiàn)仁見(jiàn)智。有些人認(rèn)為這十分有益。首先，它可以恢復(fù)和鞏固中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)。清明節(jié)可以提醒人們緬懷祖先以及那些為了國(guó)家解放英勇?tīng)奚南攘?，端午?jié)可以使人們更好地了解民族主義，中秋節(jié)可以讓人分享家庭團(tuán)聚的幸福。其次，短假期的設(shè)立有助于緩解交通壓力。【翻譯詞匯】

五一勞動(dòng)節(jié) labor’s day 設(shè)立 set up 熱門(mén)話(huà)題 hot topic 十分有益 be of great benefit 恢復(fù) restore 鞏固 consolidate 為…犧牲 sacrifice oneself for 民族主義 nationalism 家庭團(tuán)聚 family-gathering 緩解 relieve 【精彩譯文】from 2008, the national public holiday pattern has changed: the previous seven-day labor’s day has been shortened into a three-day holiday, with some new three-day holidays set up, such as the qingming festival, dragon boat festival, and mid-autumn this change has become a hot topic around the hold different opinions about this argue that it is of great y, it can restore and consolidate chinese traditions, for the qingming festival can remind people of their ancestors and those who sacrifice themselves for the liberation of the country;the dragon boat festival can make people better understand nationalism;and the mid-autumn day can make people share the happiness of ly, it’s helpful to relieve pressure on transportation with the shorter holidays adopted.（28）

經(jīng)歷了幾千年緩慢的各代人都幾乎覺(jué)察不到的發(fā)展之后，城市正在突然迅速地向四面八方擴(kuò)展開(kāi)來(lái)?，F(xiàn)在中國(guó)城市人口每年以7%的速度在增長(zhǎng)，而在大城市里則達(dá)到每年增長(zhǎng)10%的速度。僅舉一個(gè)可以看得見(jiàn)的城市加速擴(kuò)展的例子，上海目前每小時(shí)要增加十棟樓房和一百平方米的馬路，且這個(gè)速度近幾年并不會(huì)減慢。隨著農(nóng)村面積的逐步縮小，絕大多數(shù)人口正在向市區(qū)遷移，我們正在向一個(gè)城市化的社會(huì)發(fā)展?！痉g詞匯】

向四面八方 in every direction 擴(kuò)展 reach out 速度 rate/race 看得見(jiàn)的 visible 樓房 dwelling 減慢 slacken 縮小 shrink 城市化的 urbanized 【精彩譯文】after thousands of slow growth that was hardly noticed by any generation, the cities are suddenly reaching out in every population in china increases by 7 percent a year, but in big cities the rate may be as high as 10 percent a give only one most visible example, shanghai today grows by 10 dwellings and 100 square metres of road every hour, and there is no reason to believe that this pace will slacken in necent are now heading towards an urbanized society as the vast majority of rural people move into the city with the rural areas gradually shrinking.（29）

海龜，意為“海歸”，常被用于稱(chēng)贊那些將國(guó)外先進(jìn)技術(shù)引進(jìn)中國(guó)的留學(xué)生們。過(guò)去，海龜們?cè)诋?dāng)?shù)鼐蜆I(yè)市場(chǎng)中獲得可觀收入。然而，好時(shí)光一去不復(fù)返。如今，海龜們不再獲得普遍好評(píng)，他們與當(dāng)?shù)貏趧?dòng)力的工資差距正在減少，有些甚至難以找到工作。有人說(shuō)他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該被稱(chēng)為海待（海帶）。他們的重要性為何會(huì)下降？一些研究表明，海龜們平均需要花更多時(shí)間才能找到高級(jí)職位。另一個(gè)原因，則是因?yàn)橹袊?guó)國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)騰飛，電子商務(wù)等產(chǎn)業(yè)逐步發(fā)展，而海龜們由于待在國(guó)外和這些產(chǎn)業(yè)脫軌?！痉g詞匯】 海龜 sea turtle 稱(chēng)贊

applaud 先進(jìn)的 advanced 獲得可觀收入 reap handsome premium 海帶 seaweed 下降 decline平均 on average 高級(jí)的 senior 國(guó)內(nèi)的 demestic 騰飛 take off 電子商務(wù) e-commerce 逐步發(fā)展 evolve 【精彩譯文】the “sea turtle”, or “hai gui”(meaning returning students after studying abnoad), was long applauded in china for bringing back advanced the past such people reaped handsome premiums in the local job market, but it is no longer ys, sea turtles are not universally praised, the wage differential is shrinking and some are even unable to find people say they should now be called “hai dai”, or is their importance declining? some studies show that sea turtles on average must now wait longer to find senior r is that, as china’s domestic market has taken off, industries such as e-commerce have evolved in ways unfamiliar to the poeple who spent years abroad.（30）

一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，由于燒煤引發(fā)的嚴(yán)重空氣污染將縮短中國(guó)北方居民的壽命。研究人員估計(jì)，因?yàn)楹粑目諝飧蹪幔?0世紀(jì)90年代居于北方的5億居民要比南方的居民平均少活5年。幾十年來(lái)，國(guó)家政策只允許給寒冷的北方地區(qū)提供免費(fèi)的煤燃料供暖，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)廢除了這項(xiàng)政策。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在南北兩個(gè)地區(qū)，空氣中顆粒物污染和人們的預(yù)期壽命都存在顯著差異。研究人員稱(chēng),研究結(jié)果可以用來(lái)推斷在世界范圍內(nèi)這種污染對(duì)壽命的影響?！痉g詞匯】 燒煤

coal burning 縮短 shorten 估計(jì) estimate 供暖 heating 廢除 abolish 顆粒物

particle 預(yù)期壽命 life expectancy 推斷 deduce 【精彩譯文】a new study suggests heavy air pollution from coal burning will shorten people’s lives in northern chers estimate that the half billion people in the north in 1990s will live an average of 5 years less than their southern counterparts because they breathed dirtier decades, the government policy provided free coal for heating in the colder north, but now this policy has been chers found significant differences in both particle pollution of the air and life expectancy in the two researchers said the results could be used to deduce the impacts of such pollution on life spans worldwide.（31）

人們總說(shuō)：年輕人喜愛(ài)追求新潮，而如今有這樣一群大學(xué)生，他們熱衷于傳統(tǒng)文化，扮演著傳統(tǒng)文化宣傳者的角色。主修動(dòng)畫(huà)專(zhuān)業(yè)、25歲的馬來(lái)西亞籍留學(xué)生陳哲倫一手創(chuàng)辦了“扯鈴社”（“空竹”又稱(chēng)“扯鈴”），目的是恢復(fù)這項(xiàng)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)游戲的人氣。22歲的大四年級(jí)學(xué)生王峰就讀于青島大學(xué)科技大學(xué)，主修會(huì)計(jì)專(zhuān)業(yè)，他選擇另辟蹊徑。他認(rèn)為，要想在同齡人中推廣傳統(tǒng)文化，關(guān)鍵在于要將當(dāng)下的流行元素融入其中。王峰說(shuō):“自從我們?cè)黾恿讼裎遄悠搴腿龂?guó)殺這樣的棋類(lèi)游戲之后，更多人前來(lái)加入了社團(tuán)?！?【翻譯詞匯】

熱衷于 be dead keen on 文化宣傳者 cultural promoter 主修 major in 動(dòng)畫(huà) animation 扯鈴（空竹）diabolo 大四年級(jí)學(xué)生 senior 會(huì)計(jì) accounting 同齡人 peer 將…融入… integrate...into...五子棋 five-in-a-row 三國(guó)殺 three kingdoms kill(sanguosha)【精彩譯文】people always say that the young’s tastes run toward what's r, there are those who are dead keen on traditional culture and play the role of cultural zhelun, 25, a malaysian-chinese majoring in animation, founded the diabolo club, which aims to restore the popularity of this traditional chinese feng, 22, a senior majoring in accounting at qingdao university of science & technology takes a different sees the key to promoting traditional culture among his peers is to integrate trendy and modern elements into it.“since we added other board games like five-in-a-row and three kingdoms kill(sanguosha), more members have joined,” says wang feng.（32）

世界上房?jī)r(jià)最貴的十座城市有7個(gè)在中國(guó)：北京、上海、深圳、香港、天津、廣州和重慶。紐約一間中等價(jià)格的公寓是一個(gè)普通家庭一年收入的6.2倍多，而在北京的中心城區(qū)一次性付款買(mǎi)下一套房子要花費(fèi)一個(gè)中國(guó)家庭近25年的收入。抑制房?jī)r(jià)的政策沒(méi)有奏效，這是一個(gè)令政府焦慮的消息。房?jī)r(jià)是引發(fā)民眾不滿(mǎn)的主要原因之一，但危險(xiǎn)并不僅僅是民眾騷亂的威脅；另外，快速上漲的房?jī)r(jià)讓人們感覺(jué)財(cái)富減少，從而不愿去消費(fèi)，導(dǎo)致降低了gdp指標(biāo)。【翻譯詞匯】 中等價(jià)格 mid-range 普通的 ondciany 一次性付款買(mǎi)下 buy ht 抑制 curb 不滿(mǎn) resentment 騷亂 unrest 快速上漲的 soaring 不愿 be less inclined to 指標(biāo) index 【精彩譯文】seven out of 10 of the world’s ten most expensive housing markets—beijing, shanghai, shenzhen, hong kong, tianjin, guangzhou and chongqing—are now in mid—range price an ondinany of an apartment in new york is 6.2 times more than what a typical family earns in a comparison, it will take nearly a quarter-century of earnings to buy a house in beijing’s capital es to curb housing inflation don’t work, which is worrying news for the g prices are a major source of public risk isn’t just the threat of popular unrest, though: it’s that soaring property prices make people feel less wealthy and less inclined to consume and it will lead to lower gdp index.（33）

近年來(lái)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)很快，而污染和排放問(wèn)題也同樣驚人。中國(guó)已是全球最大的二氧化碳排放國(guó)，盡管其經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模僅為美國(guó)的一半左右。導(dǎo)致這一問(wèn)題的最大污染源是煤炭。中國(guó)煤炭消耗量約占全球的五分之二，并以每年約10%的速度增長(zhǎng)。針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題，中國(guó)政府正開(kāi)始發(fā)起低碳行動(dòng)，這將推動(dòng)其未來(lái)的增長(zhǎng)、發(fā)展和能源安全目標(biāo)。政府還制定了雄心勃勃的可再生能源利用目標(biāo)：希望在2020年前，約20%的電力需求由風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能來(lái)滿(mǎn)足。【翻譯詞匯】 排放 emission 二氧化碳 carbon dioxide 經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模 economic scale 針對(duì) tackle 低碳行動(dòng) low-carbon action 能源安全 energy security 雄心勃勃的 ambitious 可再生能源 renewable energy 太陽(yáng)能 solar power 【精彩譯文】in recent years china’s economy grows very r, its pollution and emission problems are also is already the biggest country of carbon dioxide despite the fact that its economic scale is only about a half of the is the chief source of pollution that leads to the consumes about two-fifths of the world’s coal at a growth rate of about 10 percent a order to tackle the problem, chinese government starts a low-carbon action which will foster its future growth, development and energy security government has also set an ambitious goal for using renewable energy, hoping that by 2020 about 20 percent of electricity needs will be met by wind and solar power.（34）“春聯(lián)”也被稱(chēng)為“對(duì)聯(lián)”，在中國(guó)是一種特殊的文學(xué)形式。春聯(lián)由貼在門(mén)口兩側(cè)兩組對(duì)立的句子組成。在門(mén)上面的橫批通常是一個(gè)吉祥的短語(yǔ)。貼在門(mén)右側(cè)的句子被稱(chēng)作對(duì)聯(lián)的上聯(lián)，左側(cè)的為下聯(lián)。除夕那天，每家都會(huì)在門(mén)上貼上紅紙寫(xiě)的春聯(lián)，傳遞出節(jié)日喜慶和熱鬧的氣氛。在過(guò)去，中國(guó)人通常用毛筆自己寫(xiě)春聯(lián)或者請(qǐng)別人寫(xiě)春聯(lián)，而現(xiàn)在人們普遍在市場(chǎng)上買(mǎi)印刷好的春聯(lián)?！痉g詞匯】

春聯(lián) the spring couplet 對(duì)聯(lián) couplet 由…組成 be composed of 對(duì)立的句子 antithetical sentences 橫批 horizontal scroll bearing an inscription 吉祥的 auspicious 上聯(lián) the first line of the couplet 下聯(lián) the second line of the couplet 家 household 熱鬧的 bustling 【精彩譯文】“the spring couplet”, also called “couplet”, is a special form of literature in spring couplet is composed of two antithetical sentences on both sides of the the gate is a horizontal scroll bearing an inscription, usually an auspicious sentence pasting on the right side of the door is called the first line of the couplet, and the left one is the second line of the the eve of the spring festival, every household will paste on doors a spring couplet written on red paper to give a happy and bustling atmosphere of the the past, the chinese usually wrote their own spring couplet with a brush or asked others to do it for them, while nowadays it is common for people to buy the printed spring couplet in the market.（35）

在中國(guó)，小孩的滿(mǎn)月酒和抓周儀式獨(dú)具特色。小孩出生滿(mǎn)一個(gè)月的那天，孩子的家人一般要招呼親朋好友，邀請(qǐng)他們一起來(lái)參加儀式以慶祝這一特別時(shí)刻。小孩滿(mǎn)周歲的那天有抓周的儀式。按照中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)，父母及他人不給予任何引導(dǎo)或暗示，任孩子隨意挑選，看孩子抓喜歡的物件，并以此為依據(jù)來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)孩子潛在的志趣和將來(lái)從事的職業(yè)以及前途。【翻譯詞匯】

滿(mǎn)月酒 one-month-old feast 抓周 one-year-old catch 獨(dú)具特色 be of unique characteristics 儀式 ceremony 特別的時(shí)刻 occasion 引導(dǎo) instruction 暗示 clue 物件 article 預(yù)測(cè) make predictions 潛在的 potential 【精彩譯文】in china, one-month-old feast and one-year-old catch of a baby are of unique chinese the day when a baby is one month old, the family of the baby will invite their friends and relatives to a ceremony to celebrate the the day when a baby is one year old, there is a one-year-old ing to traditional chinese custom, nobody will give any instruction or clue to the baby so that it is left free to choose by ng the baby catch the articles it likes, the family can then make predictions about its potential interest, future career and development.（36）

中西方飲食習(xí)慣存在極大的差異。不同于西方那種每人一盤(pán)食物的飲食習(xí)慣，在中國(guó)，菜肴是被放在桌上讓大家共同分享的。如果你去中國(guó)人家里做客，主人會(huì)用精心制作的一大桌子菜來(lái)款待你。中國(guó)人對(duì)于自己的烹飪文化感到非常自豪，而且會(huì)盡全力去展示自己的熱情好客。而且有時(shí)候，中國(guó)主人會(huì)用他們的筷子把食物夾到你的碗里或盤(pán)子中。這是禮貌的體現(xiàn)?！痉g詞匯】

飲食習(xí)慣 eating habit 不同于 unlike 精心制作的 elaborate 款待 entertain 烹飪文化 culture of cuisine 熱情好客 hospitality 主人 host 筷子 chopsticks 【精彩譯文】there are great differences between chinese and western eating the west, where everyone has their own plate of food, in china the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares you visit a chinese home, the host will entertain you with a lot of elaborate e are very proud of their culture of cuisine and will do their best to show their sometimes the chinese hosts use their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or is a sign of politeness.（37）

孔子是一位思想家、政治家和教育家，儒學(xué)思想的創(chuàng)始人。兩千多年來(lái)，享受著儒學(xué)帶來(lái)的空前和平與繁榮的局面，并因此實(shí)現(xiàn)了高度的文化統(tǒng)一和延續(xù)。中國(guó)思想史上20世紀(jì)最偉大的權(quán)威之一馮友蘭，把孔子在中國(guó)歷史上的影響比作西方的蘇格拉底。數(shù)百年來(lái)，中國(guó)的友鄰，包括韓國(guó)、越南等也選定孔子作為自己的文化先師，儒學(xué)也為世界文明的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響?！痉g詞匯】 孔子 confucius 儒學(xué)思想 confucianism 帶來(lái) bring about 空前 considerable 因此 hence 高度的 incomparable degree of 延續(xù) continuity 權(quán)威 authority 將…比作 compare...with 蘇格拉底 socrates 選定 adopt 產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響 have a great influence on 【精彩譯文】confucius is a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of more than 2 000 years, china enjoyed considerable peace and prosperity brought about by , china achieved an incomparable degree of cultural unity and youlan, one of the greatest 20th century authorities on the history of chinese thought, compares confucius’ influence in chinese history to that of socrates in the centuries, china’s neighbors, such as korea and vietnam, have adopted confucius as their cultural ianism has also a great influence on the world civilization.（38）

景德鎮(zhèn)，中國(guó)瓷都，是世界瓷器藝術(shù)花園的耀眼明珠。它是江南一個(gè)有影響力的城鎮(zhèn)。它瓷器制造的歷史已經(jīng)有1 700多年，已經(jīng)形成了豐富的瓷器文化傳統(tǒng)。稀有的瓷器文物、一流的瓷器工藝、瓷樂(lè)器的優(yōu)雅表演，以及優(yōu)美的田園風(fēng)光組成了景德鎮(zhèn)特別的旅游文化，而且讓景德鎮(zhèn)成為中國(guó)唯一一個(gè)以瓷器文化為特色的旅游城市?！痉g詞匯】 景德鎮(zhèn) jingdezhen 瓷都 ceramic metropolis 耀眼明珠 brilliant pearl 有影響力的powerful 瓷器制造 porcelain making 稀有的 rare 文物 relics 一流的 superb 工藝 craftsmanship 樂(lè)器 musical instrument 優(yōu)雅（的）graceful 田園風(fēng)光 rural scenery 組成 make up 特別的 peculiar 旅游文化 tourist culture 以…為特色 feature 【精彩譯文】jingdezhen known as the ceramic metropolis of china is a brilliant pearl in the world’s art garden of is a powerful town on the south of the yangtze has a porcelain making history of over 1 700 years, which has formed its rich cultural tradition of ceramic relics, superb ceramic craftsmanship, graceful performance of ceramic musical instruments and beautiful rural scenery make up the peculiar tourist culture of jingdezhen and hence make jingdezhen the only chinese tourist city featuring ceramic culture.（39）

趙州橋坐落在洨河上，距離趙縣南部約2.5公里。這座橋是在公元605年至公元616年建造的。趙州橋是由中國(guó)著名的匠師李春設(shè)計(jì)的，是用石頭建造的，長(zhǎng)50.82米，寬10米，還有一個(gè)不可思議的弧形橋洞，高7.23米，跨度為37.35米。橋上的石頭欄桿和柱子上雕刻著美麗的龍鳳圖案。這座橋是一座空腹式的圓弧形石拱橋，兩邊有兩個(gè)小拱，這是中國(guó)最早的拱橋之一，在中國(guó)橋梁建筑史上占有重要的地位，讓游客和工程師們都很感興趣?！痉g詞匯】

趙州橋 zhaozhou bridge 洨河 jiao river 建造 construct 匠師

mason 不可思議的 unusual 弧形橋洞 arch 跨度 span 欄桿 railing 柱子 column 龍鳳 dragon and phoenix 空腹式的 open-spandrel 占有 occupy 【精彩譯文】zhaozhou bridge was built on the jiao river about 2.5 kilometers away from the south of zhaoxian bridge was constructed in ad 605-616.