
Tom with his friends _______ swimming this afternoon.
[ ]
A. is going
B. are going
C. is going to go
D. are going to go
Tom with his friends _______ swimming this afternoon.
[ ]
A. is going
B. are going
C. is going to go
D. are going to go
C
英語(yǔ)中的一致主要包括主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上的一致、時(shí)態(tài)一致、名詞和其代詞的一致。
主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致叫主謂一致,即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式必須隨著主語(yǔ)單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化而變化。
主謂一致原則:
1、語(yǔ)法上的一致
所謂語(yǔ)法一致原則,即主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法形式在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上取得一致。
謂語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式依據(jù)主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式而定:主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)或者是不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
China belongs to the Third World. 中國(guó)屬于第三世界。
We are sure he will come. 我們肯定他會(huì)來(lái)。
使用語(yǔ)法一致的情況
(1)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是and,both…and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)
如果主語(yǔ)指的是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
My mother and I have seen the film. 我媽媽和我已看過(guò)這部電影。
Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 在中國(guó)的這個(gè)地方既種稻子又種小麥。
注意:由and連接的并列主語(yǔ)前面分別有each,every,no修飾時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country. 在我國(guó)每一個(gè)男女孩子都得受教育。
No student and no teacher was invited to the party. 師生沒(méi)有被邀請(qǐng)參加晚會(huì)。
(2)主語(yǔ)后面接說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)
主語(yǔ)后面接說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)如:
with,along with,together with,as well as,like,rather than,but,except,besides,including,in addition to,
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受修飾成分的影響,仍保持同主語(yǔ)一致的關(guān)系。
The teacher with two students was at the meeting. 那位老師和兩個(gè)學(xué)生參加了會(huì)議。
The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car. 這個(gè)姑娘和男孩子一道,也學(xué)會(huì)了開(kāi)汽車(chē)。
A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.一個(gè)有5000冊(cè)書(shū)的圖書(shū)館作為禮物贈(zèng)送給了國(guó)家。
E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.電郵和電話(huà)在日常的通信中起著很重要的作用。
Nobody but Jane knows the secret.只有簡(jiǎn)知道這個(gè)秘密。
All but one were here just now. 剛才除了一個(gè)人外都來(lái)了。
(3)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或從句作主語(yǔ)
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (動(dòng)詞的-ing形式、不定式)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)形式。
When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.什么時(shí)候在什么地方建新工廠(chǎng)還沒(méi)定下來(lái)。
Checking information is very important. 核實(shí)事實(shí)是非常重要的。
To learn foreign languages is not easy. 學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)并非易事。
When we will hold the meeting is not decided yet. 我們何時(shí)開(kāi)會(huì)尚未決定。
注意:當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句或由 and連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)意義一致的原則來(lái)決定。
What we need here is money.我們這里需要的是資金。
What we need here are workers.我們這里需要的是工人。
Lying and stealing are immoral.說(shuō)謊與偷竊是不道德的。
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