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答案

D

解析

虛擬語氣的用法：

A、最基本的虛擬語氣句型:

1. 虛擬現(xiàn)在時表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)，其if 從句的謂語形式用動詞的過去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +動詞原形。If places were alike, there would be little need for geographers.如果各個地方都一樣，就不需要地理學家了。

2. 虛擬過去時是表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)，if 從句的謂語形式用過去完成時即had＋過去分詞，主句用would / should / could / might + have +過去分詞。If he had known your address yesterday,he would have telephoned you.

3. 虛擬將來時是表示對將來實現(xiàn)的可能性很小的或不確定的假設(shè)。If從句的謂語形式用一般過去式或用were to / should +動詞原形，主句用would / should/could/ might +動詞原形。If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday

4. 省略if 采用倒裝語序的條件句。有時可以把含有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、be或have的虛擬條件句中的連詞if省去，而將had , should, were 等詞提到主語之前，即用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。If he had worked harder, he would have got through the exams.==>Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday.==>Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.If I were in your place, I wouldn’t do that.==>Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that.

5. 有時虛擬條件句并沒用if 從句表示出來，而是用介詞短語(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式來表示。如：We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. Without you help, I wouldn’t have achieved so much. But for （“要不是......”的意思）your help, I would not have succeeded.

B、 虛擬語氣在從句中用should的情況:

1. 在表示建議,要求,命令,想法的動詞后的從句里, 用should + 動詞原形, should 可以省略. 如 advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote.?？嫉降氖? suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request.

His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence.

The author proposed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour every day.

2. 在表示建議,要求,命令,想法的名詞后的從句里, 用should + 動詞原形, should可以省略. 如 advice, decision,agreement, command, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc.

It was Bill’s suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.

His suggestion was that everyone (should) have a map.

He gave us a suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.

3. 在It is/was +形容詞后的that 從句中用should的結(jié)構(gòu), should 可以省略. 這類形容詞常見的有: advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(絕對必要), impossible, improper, important, natural, necessary, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.

It‘s natural that she (should) do so.

It is essential that we (should) tell her the news.

C、 wish 后的 that 從句中:

1. 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?從句中過去式.

I wish I knew his address.

I wish I were young.

2. 表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)或不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望, 從句用過去完成式或would, could, might + have + 過去分詞.

I wish you had written to him.

I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

3. 如果將wish改成wished, 其后that 從句中動詞的形式不變.

D、 在 It’s about/ high/ first(second, third etc)time 后的that 從句中,用過去式.表示“該是做什么的時候了”

It is about time you were in bed.

It is high time we left.

It is the first time I came here.

V: 在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that從句中,用過去式或過去完成式,表示“寧愿做什么”

I would rather he came tomorrow than today.

John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.

E、 在if only（“如果....就好了”的意思） 感嘆句中,謂語動詞與wish賓語從句的虛擬形式相同.

If only he didn’t drive so fast!(現(xiàn)在)

If only she had asked someone’s advice.(過去)

If only the rain would stop.(將來)

F、 在as if / as though 從句中,表示和現(xiàn)在事實相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑,用過去式;表示過去想象中的動作或情況, 用過去完成式.

He speaks as if he were on the spot.

She spoke to me as if I were deaf.

This device operated as though it had been repaired.

注: 1. 在 as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成為事實, 用陳述語氣.

He looks as if he is going to be ill.

2. 在 insist 后的從句中, 如果是堅持自己, 用陳述語氣, 堅持別人做什么事情, 用虛擬語氣.

She insists that she is right.

She insisted that I should finish the work at once.